Podcast
Questions and Answers
Sensory information is stored in the brain for a ______ amount of time.
Sensory information is stored in the brain for a ______ amount of time.
brief
The Three-Stage Model of Memory includes the stages of ______, Storage, and Retrieval.
The Three-Stage Model of Memory includes the stages of ______, Storage, and Retrieval.
Encoding
The process of transferring information from Short-Term Memory to Long-Term Memory is called ______.
The process of transferring information from Short-Term Memory to Long-Term Memory is called ______.
Consolidation
The ______ Theory suggests that information is lost over time due to non-use.
The ______ Theory suggests that information is lost over time due to non-use.
The tendency to remember information that confirms existing beliefs is known as ______.
The tendency to remember information that confirms existing beliefs is known as ______.
The Levels of Processing Model includes both ______ and Deep Processing.
The Levels of Processing Model includes both ______ and Deep Processing.
The process of creating a memory is called ______.
The process of creating a memory is called ______.
The availability ______ is a tendency to overestimate the importance of vivid memories.
The availability ______ is a tendency to overestimate the importance of vivid memories.
Unconscious forgetting of unpleasant memories is known as ______.
Unconscious forgetting of unpleasant memories is known as ______.
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Study Notes
Types of Memory
- Sensory Memory: brief storage of sensory information in the brain (e.g., visual, auditory)
- Short-Term Memory (STM): limited capacity, information held for a short time ( seconds to a minute)
- Long-Term Memory (LTM): permanent storage, capacity is relatively unlimited
Models of Memory
- Three-Stage Model:
- Encoding (information enters the system)
- Storage (information is retained)
- Retrieval (information is accessed)
- Levels of Processing Model:
- Shallow Processing (structural, surface-level processing)
- Deep Processing (semantic, meaningful processing)
Memory Processes
- Encoding: process of creating a memory
- Consolidation: process of transferring information from STM to LTM
- Retrieval: process of accessing stored information
- Forgetting: loss of information over time
Types of Forgetting
- Decay Theory: information is lost over time due to non-use
- Interference Theory: new information interferes with existing information
- Repression: unconscious forgetting of unpleasant memories
Memory Biases and Errors
- Confirmation Bias: tendency to remember information that confirms existing beliefs
- Hindsight Bias: tendency to overestimate the predictability of an event
- Availability Heuristic: tendency to overestimate the importance of vivid memories
- Misinformation Effect: incorporating false information into memories
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