42 Questions
What is the primary factor that influences a child's self-image?
Evaluations of oneself based on previous experiences
At what age do children typically start to verbally express their self-concept?
Around 5-6 years old
What does sociability describe in a child?
The child's willingness to engage in social interactions
What is the outcome of a child incorporating positive comments from others into their self-image?
The child's self-image becomes more positive
What is an example of a categorical term a child might use to describe themselves?
Good girl
How do a child's own evaluations of themselves contribute to their self-image?
They contribute positively
What is the result of a child experiencing previous successes?
The child's self-image becomes more positive
What is the term for a child's tendency to move towards rather than away from new people, situations, or objects?
Sociability
What is a significant factor in the formation of a child's relationships in school?
The child's ability to form friendly relations
What is the term for the tendency of adults to be drawn toward and fond of infants due to their physical features?
Kewpie-doll effect
What is the primary role of infants in the attachment process, according to ethological theory?
To emit preprogrammed signals to attract attention or influence caregiver behavior
What is the phrase that emphasizes the importance of community in a child's upbringing?
It takes a community to raise a child
What is inherited from parents, influencing an individual's emotionality?
Temperament
At what age do stranger anxiety and separation anxiety typically decline?
24 months and beyond
What is an essential aspect of a child's emotional health?
Feeling confident about themselves
What is the first fear to appear in infants, typically?
Stranger anxiety
What is the term for the tendency of infants to display negative emotional outbursts as they develop close affectional ties with their caregivers?
Fearful reactions
What is necessary to encourage a child's good emotional health?
Understanding the child's needs
What is the main reason caregivers are motivated to take care of infants?
Because of their doll-like appearance
What is an expression of love that children need?
Warm, personal contact
What is the result of a child feeling loved and valued?
The child grows up feeling confident about themselves
What is the age range during which stranger anxiety and separation anxiety typically appear?
6-9 months
Why is a child's emotional health influenced by their community?
Because the community influences the child's relationships
What is the relationship between infants and their caregivers, according to ethological theory?
Infants are the primary participants in the attachment process
What type of discipline do children favor according to research?
Induction backed by occasional use of power assertion
Why do children who experience inductive discipline tend to internalize values and exhortations?
Because they see the disciplinarian's worldview as matching their own
What happens when children are disciplined in ways they do not prefer?
They see little justification for internalizing the values and exhortations
What is associated with measures of moral maturity in child-rearing studies?
Induction backed by occasional use of power assertion
Why do researchers think inductive discipline promotes moral maturity?
Because many children view it as the 'right' way to deal with transgressions
What happens when children are given complete freedom to do their own thing?
They are disturbed by the lack of restraint
What do children tend to view as the 'right' way to deal with transgressions?
Induction backed by occasional use of power assertion
What is the result of inductive discipline on moral maturity?
It promotes moral maturity
What is associated with resistance to temptation in laboratory studies?
Induction backed by occasional use of power assertion
Why do children favor inductive discipline over other forms?
Because it matches their own worldview
What can be done to create a loving and warm family climate?
Regularly expressing affection and warmth towards children
What is the effect of direct instructions on prosocial behavior in children?
It fosters prosocial behavior
What is the purpose of providing prosocial attributions to children?
To attribute a child's helpful action to their internal character
Why is it important for parents to model thoughtful and generous behavior?
Because children are more likely to do generous or thoughtful things if they see others doing so
What is the benefit of assigning children regular household tasks?
It helps them develop a sense of responsibility
What should parents do if their child injures someone?
Point out the consequences of the injury to the other person
Why are rules and guidelines about helpful behavior necessary?
To provide a framework for prosocial behavior
What is the role of parents in shaping their children's prosocial behavior?
They should model thoughtful and generous behavior and provide a framework for prosocial behavior
This quiz explores the psychological factors that influence adult caregiving behaviors towards infants, including the 'Kewpie-doll effect' and the role of infant signals in attachment.
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