Social Reward and Attachment Systems
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Questions and Answers

What is the primary reason adults respond emotionally to the appearance of infants?

  • Infants produce high-pitched sounds.
  • Social bonding is primarily instinct-based.
  • The caregiving system is neurobiologically rewarding. (correct)
  • Infants have higher energy levels.

Which unique behavior distinguishes human males from other primate males in terms of caregiving?

  • They care for both strangers and infants. (correct)
  • They provide care exclusively to their offspring.
  • They bond with multiple partners simultaneously.
  • They use coercive strategies to protect infants.

What aspect of human sexuality does NOT belong to the identified three aspects?

  • Socioeconomic status (correct)
  • Gender identity
  • Sociosexual orientation
  • Sexual orientation

Which behavioral strategy can be classified as a prosocial strategy?

<p>Sharing resources (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the dominance system in social groups?

<p>To enable individuals to compete for resources. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How do rewards influence the fear system according to the content?

<p>Rewards can help deactivate the fear system. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What psychological need does relatedness primarily address?

<p>The need for security. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What describes the impact of excessive fear and anxiety on individuals?

<p>It can be destructive to health and well-being. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a likely outcome of poor self-regulation?

<p>Development of physical and mental health conditions. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What role do caregiving bonds play in attachment between parents and infants?

<p>They enhance emotional connections through rewarding experiences. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What primary form of reward was demonstrated to be more beneficial for primate infants than food?

<p>Social touch (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which psychological theorist emphasized sex as the most important human reward?

<p>Sigmund Freud (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a basic psychological need supported by the exploration system?

<p>Competence (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary emotion experienced when the exploration system is active?

<p>Curiosity (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does the attachment system influence an infant's relationship with caregivers?

<p>It motivates infants to seek closeness and care. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes the concept of novelty in relation to rewards?

<p>It is a primary reward linked to exploration. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the context of attachment, what does selective affiliation refer to?

<p>Forming bonds with caregivers that may not pre-exist. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What term is often used to refer to all types of social bonds, though with a specific focus on safety-related bonds?

<p>Attachment (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Caregiving System

The biological system responsible for a person's desire and ability to provide care to others, especially infants. It is driven by rewards like seeing an infant's appearance, which triggers emotional responses.

Empathy

The ability to understand and share the feelings of another person, a key component of the caregiving system. It helps parents respond to their infant's needs effectively.

Sexual System

A biological system that motivates sexual behavior and finds sex rewarding. It also underpins sexual identity, orientation, and social bonds.

Dominance System

The system responsible for managing competition between individuals within a social group. It helps individuals compete for resources and establish social hierarchy.

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Prosocial Strategies

Strategies used to compete for resources and status that involve cooperation and positive interactions, like doing favors or sharing.

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Coercive Strategies

Strategies used to compete for resources and status that involve aggression, intimidation, and manipulation.

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Behavioral Inhibition System (BIS)

The biological system designed to protect individuals from danger. It is activated by threats and produces feelings of fear.

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Self-Regulation

The process of managing and regulating emotions, thoughts, and behaviors to achieve goals and adapt to situations. It is crucial for mental and physical well-being.

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Relatedness

The psychological need to feel connected and secure in relationships with others. It is essential for emotional well-being and healthy development.

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Self-Regulation

The ability to control impulses and manage emotions effectively. It is vital for achieving goals, maintaining mental health, and adapting to life's challenges.

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Contact Comfort

A primary reward driven by the need for comfort and closeness, especially during infancy. It motivates infants to stay near caregivers for safety.

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Attachment System

A biological system that motivates infants to seek security and protection from caregivers, especially in times of danger or stress. It's the foundation for social bonding.

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Novelty

A primary reward that arises from seeking out new experiences, knowledge, and stimuli. It drives learning and brain development.

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Competence

A state of psychological well-being associated with the feeling of being capable and competent. This is a fundamental human need.

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Curiosity

The experience of wanting to learn and explore new things. It stems from the exploration system and is a key driver of learning.

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Attachments

A term used to describe the social bonds that are formed between individuals based on their need for safety and security.

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Affiliation

The act of connecting with others for safety or support, especially when feeling threatened. It's driven by the attachment system.

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Study Notes

Social Reward Systems

  • Behavioral systems are organized around rewards and threats to achieve adaptive goals.
  • Early psychological theories (Skinner, Pavlov) primarily focused on food as a reward.
  • Freud theorized sex as the primary reward, but this is not scientifically supported.
  • Harlow's experiments demonstrated contact comfort as a more powerful reward for primate infants than food, challenging Freud's theories and highlighting the attachment system.

Attachment and Caregiving Systems

  • Contact with caregivers provides infants with comfort and security, motivating them to stay close.
  • Attachment (affiliation) promotes exploration and brain development.
  • Novelty and exploration are primary rewards.
  • The attachment system is also called affiliation, and it promotes safety.
  • Special social bonds are formed between caregivers and infants; a selective affiliation.
  • The term "attachment" specifically refers to security-oriented bonds.
  • Caregivers' response to infants is rewarded through the caregiving system, which has neurobiological basis.
  • Infants' appearance is rewarding to adults, fostering empathy and care.
  • Caregiving extends beyond infants to strangers and adults.
  • Human males show unique caring tendencies amongst primates.
  • Caregiving bonds form as a result of the reward of caring for another.

Sexual System and Social Bonds

  • The sexual system drives sexual behavior and is rewarding.
  • Sexuality encompasses gender identity, sexual orientation, and sociosexual orientation.
  • Sexual bonds allow for collaboration and offspring care.
  • Prairie voles show quick and strong bonding after mating.

Dominance System and Competition

  • The dominance system evolved for resource competition (food, mates, etc.)
  • Prosocial (cooperative) and coercive (aggressive) strategies are used in competition to attain status.
  • Individuals often combine both types of competition to succeed.
  • Dominance continues across the lifespan.
  • The relationship between dominance and bonding requires more research; though some may suggest dominance bonds may exists.

Fear, Reward, and Relatedness

  • Fear activates the BIS, and reward systems help regulate this.
  • Relationships promote security and reduce fear, leading to exploration and growth.
  • Relatedness is a basic psychological need for optimal well-being.
  • Emotional regulation is vital to persisting in tasks and achieving goals.
  • Self-regulation is important for preventing many physical and mental health issues.

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Description

Explore the intricate dynamics of social reward systems and attachment theories in this quiz. Delve into early psychological perspectives, including those of Skinner and Freud, as well as Harlow's groundbreaking findings on comfort and security. Test your understanding of how these systems influence caregiving and infant development.

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