Psychology Needs and Human Rights

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Questions and Answers

Which factor is NOT affected by mental health?

How we form relationships

Height growth (correct)

How we cope with problems

Productivity

What is one of the main causes of depression?

Healthy eating habits

Excessive exercise

Chemical imbalances in the brain (correct)

High self-esteem

Which of the following is a symptom of bipolar disorder?

Extreme sadness

Avoiding others

Low self-esteem

Rapid speech and quick thoughts (correct)

What is often a signal from the brain indicating something is wrong?

Distress Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT listed as a symptom of mental illness?

Enhanced concentration Signup and view all the answers

What is one of the primary uses of money in budgeting?

Necessities Signup and view all the answers

In the 50/30/20 rule, what percentage of income is allocated to wants?

30% Signup and view all the answers

What characterizes fixed expenses in budgeting?

They remain the same each payment period. Signup and view all the answers

Which agent of socialization typically occurs outside of the home?

Secondary socialization Signup and view all the answers

What is meant by 'DO' in time management?

To complete right away Signup and view all the answers

Which parenting style is characterized by high control and often involves verbal threats?

Authoritarian Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a type of decision-making style?

Exploration Signup and view all the answers

What is the main goal of a savings account compared to a chequing account?

To accumulate money with interest Signup and view all the answers

What does the 'DEFER' step in time management imply?

To postpone it for later Signup and view all the answers

What is an example of tertiary socialization?

Understanding workplace culture Signup and view all the answers

Which communication style is characterized by the clear expression of needs and wants?

Assertive Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes variable expenses?

They can vary in frequency and amount. Signup and view all the answers

What is the first step in the decision-making process?

Identify the problem Signup and view all the answers

In communication, what role does the receiver play?

They interpret the message received Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following describes 'PASSIVE' communication?

Ignoring one's own needs in favor of others Signup and view all the answers

What does the term 'DELETE' suggest in the context of time management?

Removing it from one's to-do list Signup and view all the answers

What is a characteristic of permissive parenting?

Offers little control or discipline Signup and view all the answers

In identity development, what does identity achievement entail?

Understanding one’s identity through exploration Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary difference between active listening and passive listening?

Active listening involves concentrating and understanding, while passive listening does not. Signup and view all the answers

Which area of development focuses on forming relationships?

Social development Signup and view all the answers

What plays a major role during puberty in physical development?

Sex hormones like estrogen and testosterone Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a tip for active listening?

Making negative judgments Signup and view all the answers

How do extraversion and introversion differ in terms of energy sources?

Extraversion gains energy from many people, while introversion gains energy from being alone. Signup and view all the answers

Which factor is NOT considered when creating self-esteem?

Competing with others Signup and view all the answers

What does identity diffusion indicate in development?

Lack of exploration and commitment to any identity Signup and view all the answers

Which communication style involves imposing moral values on someone?

Moralising or Preaching Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following concepts is associated with nature in development?

Genetic makeup Signup and view all the answers

What effect does praising or agreeing usually have in a conversation?

It can cut off meaningful discussion. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following actions is classified as distracting or humoring in communication?

Using jokes to lighten the mood away from serious problems. Signup and view all the answers

Which developmental area includes managing emotions?

Emotional development Signup and view all the answers

What is a common characteristic of judging or blaming responses?

They serve to demean the person being addressed. Signup and view all the answers

Which communication approach aims to understand a person's feelings and problems thoroughly?

Active Listening Signup and view all the answers

What is a common symptom of panic disorder?

Feelings of discomfort Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT identified as a sign of PTSD?

Hallucinations Signup and view all the answers

What behavioral change could indicate a person is at risk for suicide?

Giving away possessions Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following disorders is characterized by extreme worry and muscle tension?

Generalized Anxiety Disorder Signup and view all the answers

What percentage of individuals who commit suicide have mental illnesses?

90% Signup and view all the answers

Which therapeutic approach is mentioned as a treatment for anxiety disorders?

Cognitive behavioural therapy Signup and view all the answers

What is a common characteristic of obsessive-compulsive disorder?

Obsessive unwanted thoughts Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is considered a leading cause of suicide among youth?

Mental illnesses Signup and view all the answers

Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Needs, Wants, and Values

Maslow's hierarchy: A motivational theory in psychology, suggesting needs must be met in order, starting with basic needs.
Biological and psychological needs are basic, followed by safety, love/belonging, esteem, and self-actualization.
Needs: Essential for survival (water, shelter, food).
Wants: Things desired but not essential.
Values: Beliefs about what is desirable and important, influencing wants and life choices. Values may be influenced by family, friends, or media.

Human Rights and the Rights of a Child

Ontario Human Rights Code: Protects citizens against discrimination regarding healthcare, education, employment, and housing.
United Nations Convention on the Rights of a Child: Encompasses non-discrimination, safety, best interests of the child, right to lead the best life possible, and right to free speech.

Goals and Time Management

SMART Goals: Specific, Measurable, Achievable, Realistic, and Timely.
Long-term goals: Goals taking over a year to complete
Short-term goals: Goals attainable within a few months
Time Management: Four types of time management: do, delegate, defer, and delete.

Communication

Communication Styles: Aggressive, Passive, Passive-Aggressive, and Assertive.
Types of Communication: Verbal (using words), Nonverbal (body language, eye contact).
Active Listening: Tips for actively listening include clarifying questions, eye contact, body language, enthusiasm, and facial expressions.

Personality Types

Myers-Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI): Categorizes personality types based on extraversion/introversion, sensing/intuition, thinking/feeling, and perceiving/judging.
Communication Styles: How communication styles affect relationships, careers, learning styles, and decision-making.
Personality and Stress Management: Extraverts may handle stress through socializing; introverts often seek time alone.
Flexibility (personality): Identities are not static but can evolve over time.

Decision Making

Habits, Imitation, Impulse, Coin Toss, and Default. These ways can impact how people make a decision .

Roadblocks to Communication

Ordering: Giving orders instead of discussing options.
Warning/Threatening: Using threats instead of discussion.
Moralizing/Preaching: Imposing personal morals without understanding the other person's perspective.
Giving solutions: Offering solutions without understanding the problem.
Lecturing/Teaching: Presenting facts and arguments instead of encouraging discussion of feelings.
Judging/Blaming: Evaluating or criticizing another person which stops communication.
Praising/Agreeing: Offering agreement or praise rather than a thorough discussion.
Name-Calling/Ridiculing: Using insults to dismiss other perspectives.
Reassuring/Consoling: Trying to talk people out of feelings rather than understanding them.
Distracting/Humouring: Changing the subject to avoid the issue at hand.

Budgeting

Three things money is used for: Necessities, Wants, Unplanned expenses.
Creating a spending plan: Create a budget, track income and expenses

Agents of Socialization

Primary socialization*: Parents/guardians teach language, values and social norms
Secondary socialization*: Peers, teachers, and co-workers influence norms and perceptions.
Tertiary socialization*: Education, workplace, and religious institutions teach additional skills and values

Parenting Styles

Democratic: Control with choices, support, and reasons.
Permissive: Limited discipline/control, allowing mistakes.
Authoritarian: Controlling with threats.

Identity

Identity: Refers to a sense of self and as a member of social groups.
Two types: Self-identity (how you define yourself), and social identity (how others view you)
Stages of Identity Development: diffusion, foreclosure, moratorium, achievement.
Self-esteem: Factors include appearance, abilities, sense of control, and morality.

Growth and Development

Growth and development encompass emotional, social, intellectual, and physical aspects
Physical development: Measurable, encompassing changes like those during puberty.
Emotional development: Abstract and progressive.

Mental Health

Mental health: Brain's ability to handle daily tasks.
Mental illness: Something wrong in the brain impacting behaviour, thinking, perception and emotion.
Nature vs Nurture: Heredity vs environment's role in development.

Warning Signs and Suicide Prevention

Warning signs for mental illness: Include withdrawn behavior and reckless behavior.
Factors affecting people's mental health and increasing risk of suicide (stress, feelings of despair or feeling out of control)

Suicide prevention tips

Be open-minded.
Talk without judgment.
Offer advice and tell someone trusted.

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Description

Explore the concepts of needs, wants, and values in psychology, as well as the human rights applicable to children. Understand Maslow's hierarchy and how individual values are shaped. Additionally, learn about the framework of the Ontario Human Rights Code and the United Nations Convention on the Rights of a Child.