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Questions and Answers
Which nursing concept of man emphasizes that man is composed of certain parts, but the total of those parts is more than the sum of all parts?
Which of the following is NOT considered one of the four components or attributes of man?
Which nursing concept of man states that man is passive in influencing the nurse or the environment?
Which nursing concept of man emphasizes that man interacts with the environment?
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Which nursing concept of man emphasizes that man exchanges energy and matter with the environment?
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Which nursing concept of man states that man has fourteen (14) fundamental needs?
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According to Virginia Henderson's Fourteen Fundamental Needs, which of the following is not one of the needs?
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Which of the following Fundamental Needs, as identified by Virginia Henderson, is most closely related to Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs category of Esteem?
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Which of Virginia Henderson's Fourteen Fundamental Needs is most closely related to Maslow's Physiological needs?
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Which of the following Fundamental Needs, as identified by Virginia Henderson, is most closely related to Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs category of Safety?
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According to Virginia Henderson's Fourteen Fundamental Needs, which need is most closely related to Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs category of Belongingness?
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Which of Virginia Henderson's Fourteen Fundamental Needs is most closely related to Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs category of Self-Actualization?
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According to Maslow's hierarchy of needs, which of the following is at the highest level?
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What did Maslow add to his hierarchy in the revised version of 1990?
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Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of self-actualized persons according to Maslow?
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According to Maslow's theory, which of the following needs must be satisfied before moving to the next level?
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Which of the following needs is included in Maslow's physiological needs?
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According to the concept of self-actualization presented in the text, which of the following statements is true?
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Study Notes
Concept of Man
- Man forms the foundation of nursing
- Four components or attributes of man:
- Capacity to think on an abstract level
- Establish a family
- Establish a territory
- Ability to use verbal symbols as language
Nursing Concepts of Man
- Biopsychosocial being
- Open system
- Unified whole
- Vital reparative process
- Man is a whole, man is complete
Biopsychosocial Being
- Interacts with the environment (Sister Calista Roy)
Open System
- Interacts with the environment, exchanges energy and matter with the environment (Martha Rogers)
Unified Whole
- Composed of certain parts, total of those parts is more than the sum of all parts (Martha Rogers)
Vital Reparative Process
- Man is passive, influencing the nurse or the environment (Florence Nightingale)
Human Needs
- 14 fundamental needs (Virginia Henderson)
- Physiologic and psychologic needs must be met to maintain wellbeing
- Needs are universal, may be met in different ways, interrelated, and may be stimulated by internal or external factors
Virginia Henderson's 14 Fundamental Needs
- Breathing normally
- Eating and drinking adequately
- Eliminating body waste
- Moving and maintaining a desirable position
- Sleeping and resting
- Selecting suitable clothes
- Maintaining body temperature
- Keeping the body clean and well-groomed
- Avoiding dangers in the environment
- Communicating with others
- Worshipping according to one's faith
- Working in a way that feels a sense of accomplishment
- Playing or participating in recreation
- Learning, discovering, or satisfying curiosity
Abraham Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs
- Physiologic needs (food, air, drink, shelter, warmth, sex, sleep, maintenance of homeostasis)
- Safety and security (protection, security, order, law, limits, stability)
- Love and belongingness (family, affection, relationships, work group)
- Self-esteem (feeling good about oneself, self-adequacy, accomplishment)
- Self-actualization (personal growth, fulfillment, maximizing one's full potential)
Abraham Maslow's Modified Hierarchy of Eight Needs (1990)
- Additional needs: need to know and understand, aesthetic needs, transcendence
- Need to know and understand: stimulation, exploration, novelty, and desire
- Aesthetic needs: beauty, balance, form
- Transcendence: helping others to self-actualize
Characteristics of Self-Actualized Persons
- Judges people correctly
- Superior perception
- Decisive and capable of making decisions
- Clear notion of right and wrong
- Open to new ideas, creative, flexible, and problem-centered rather than self-centered
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Description
Learn about the basic human needs and their characteristics, as well as Abraham Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs. Understand how human needs are universal, interrelated, and may be met in different ways. Explore how Maslow's hierarchy helps prioritize nursing actions.
