Psychology Motivation & Emotion

Podcast

Play an AI-generated podcast conversation about this lesson

Questions and Answers

According to drive theory, what is the primary motivator for behavior?

The anticipation of pleasure from an activity

The maintenance of internal physiological balance (correct)

The desire to achieve reproductive success

The pursuit of external rewards

An individual who exercises because they enjoy the feeling of being active is experiencing which type of motivation?

Intrinsic motivation (correct)

Extrinsic motivation

Drive-based motivation

Evolutionary motivation

Which concept is at the core of evolutionary approaches to motivation?

Maximizing personal wealth

Achieving peak physical fitness

Maintaining personal well-being

Promoting the survival of one's genes (correct)

What is the main function of ghrelin in the context of hunger and eating?

It stimulates appetite Signup and view all the answers

Which biological factor decreases blood glucose levels?

Increased insulin Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of CCK in regulating hunger and eating?

Signals satiety and suppresses appetite Signup and view all the answers

What is a primary environmental factor influencing eating behavior?

Learned preferences and habits Signup and view all the answers

What does the drive reduction theory suggest about the relationship between a physiological need and behavior?

A need creates a drive that motivates behavior to fulfill the need Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT considered a food-related cue influencing eating behaviors?

Evolutionary predispositions Signup and view all the answers

According to the Masters and Johnson model, which stage of the sexual response cycle immediately precedes orgasm?

Plateau Signup and view all the answers

Which of these hormones is NOT primarily associated with the hormonal regulation of sexual motivation and behavior?

Cortisol Signup and view all the answers

Parental Investment Theory, in the context of evolutionary factors in sexual motivation, primarily explains:

Gender differences in sexual activity and mate preferences Signup and view all the answers

The 'need to belong' is strongly associated with which of the following concepts?

The fear of rejection and ostracism Signup and view all the answers

An individual who is highly motivated by the ‘need for power’ would most likely:

Seek out opportunities to lead and influence others Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is considered a cognitive component of emotional experience?

Subjective feelings & evaluation of events Signup and view all the answers

A fast pathway in the brain that processes emotions is most likely associated with:

Immediate, instinctive reactions to stimuli. Signup and view all the answers

Which pathway of emotional response is characterized by speed and automaticity?

The rapid pathway occurring before awareness of stimuli Signup and view all the answers

Which component of emotional experience is often referred to as 'body language'?

Nonverbal expressiveness Signup and view all the answers

According to the content, what is the relationship between basic emotions and more complex emotions?

Complex emotions arise from blending the primary (basic) emotions Signup and view all the answers

What does the universality of emotion refer to?

The principle that basic emotional expressions are recognized across cultures Signup and view all the answers

What term is used to describe the cultural rules that govern how emotions are expressed?

Display rules Signup and view all the answers

According to the James-Lange theory, which comes first?

The physiological arousal Signup and view all the answers

What is the main principle of the Cannon-Bard theory of emotion?

Physiological arousal and emotion occur simultaneously Signup and view all the answers

What is emotion regulation?

The ability to control and manage emotional responses. Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Motivation & Emotion

Motivation is the internal and external factors driving behavior in a specific way. These factors can include needs, wants, and desires that shape purposeful actions.
Motives are the needs, desires, and wants that lead to goal-directed behavior.
Drive theories focus on homeostasis, the body's attempts to maintain a stable internal state. A physiological need creates a tension state (drive) motivating the organism to satisfy the need (e.g., hunger, thirst).
Incentive theories propose that behavior is regulated by expected rewards or punishments. Extrinsic motivation is driven by external rewards, while intrinsic motivation is driven by internal satisfaction.
Evolutionary theories explore how motivations maximize reproductive success. Genes promoting species survival are preserved in the gene pool.
Hunger & eating is motivated by biological factors like brain regulation (hypothalamus), glucose levels, and digestive regulation. Hormonal factors also influence hunger and satiety. Learned preferences and environmental factors (e.g., anticipated pleasure, food-related cues, stress, social factors) also play a vital role.
Obesity is linked to evolutionary explanations, genetics, set point homeostasis, dietary restraint, and eating disorders.
Sexual response follows stages (excitement, plateau, orgasm, resolution) – as outlined by Masters and Johnson (1966). Sexual motivation and behavior are influenced by hormones like estrogen, androgens, and testosterone. Evolutionary factors, like parental investment theory, and gender differences in sexual activity and mate preferences impact sexual choices. Sexual orientation, with the Kinsey scale offering a framework, also plays a significant role.
The need to belong (affiliation motive) involves connecting with others, seeking affiliation, avoiding ostracism and the fear of rejection, and managing fear of missing out (FOMO).
The need to excel (achievement motive) encourages mastering challenges, meeting high standards, greater persistence (hard work), and delaying instant gratification to pursue academic and career goals.
The need for power (control/power motive) is associated with controlling or influencing others, winning arguments, enjoying competition (if successful), status and recognition, and a need to lead.
Situational factors determine motivation as well; those include the perceived probability of success or failure on tasks, and incentive values.
Emotions are a set of interconnected actions: Cognitive thoughts, physiological feelings, behavioral actions and consequences. The subjective feelings (positive, negative, mixed) influence our state of being, and positive psychology explores these feelings further.
Affective forecasting is not consistently accurate when predicting future emotional experiences. Impact bias occurs when individuals overestimate how strongly and for how long a future event will affect them.
Emotions have a physiological component (bodily, autonomic arousal, and affective neuroscience).
The origin of emotions involves two distinct pathways in the brain – one fast and automatic (e.g., an immediate emotional reaction to a threat) and the other slower and more deliberate (linked to memory and conscious thought). Both rely on the limbic system, primarily the amygdala.
Core emotions are innate (primitive, hardwired, universal, automatic and fast), connected with neurological pathways triggering behaviors that help with survival.
Core emotions form building blocks for more complex emotions.
Emotions are universal but expressions vary across cultures (display rules).
Ability to read emotions starts around the 5-year-old age mark, and children develop the skill quickly.

Studying That Suits You

Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.

Description

This quiz explores key concepts in motivation and emotion, examining internal and external factors that drive behavior. Topics include drive theories, incentive theories, and evolutionary influences on motivation, specifically concerning biological factors like hunger. Test your understanding of these psychological principles and their implications!