Psychology Memory Quiz

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Questions and Answers

Which type of memory has unlimited capacity?

Sensory memory

Short term memory

Echoic memory

Long term memory (correct)

What are the three main processes involved in memory?

Encoding, rehearsal, retrieval

Encoding, storage, retrieval (correct)

Storage, recognition, recall

Attention, perception, retrieval

What distinguishes iconic memory from echoic memory?

Iconic memory is related to auditory input.

Echoic memory is related to visual input.

Iconic memory is sensory memory for visual input and lasts less than half a second. (correct)

Iconic memory lasts longer than echoic memory.

What is an example of autonomic processing?

Salivating when smelling food Signup and view all the answers

How does long-term potentiation relate to memory?

It helps encode, maintain, and retrieve information over time. Signup and view all the answers

What is the difference between recall and recognition?

Recall is retrieving previously learned information without cues. Signup and view all the answers

What is retrograde amnesia?

The inability to recall past memories. Signup and view all the answers

What effect relates to remembering the beginning and ends of a list better than the items in the middle?

Serial position effect Signup and view all the answers

What effect is described when eyewitnesses reconstruct memories based on unfamiliar information during questioning?

Misinformation Effect Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best characterizes the concept of creativity?

Curiosity and sensitivity Signup and view all the answers

What is the proposal that a person's language influences their thought processes called?

Linguistic Determinism Signup and view all the answers

In the context of memory, what is the term for the ability to retrieve information from storage?

Retrieval Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the belief that we maintain our views even when confronted with contradicting facts?

Belief Perseverance Signup and view all the answers

Which term describes the stage of speech development where babies produce repetitive consonant-vowel combinations?

Babbling Stage Signup and view all the answers

What is the total number of morphemes in the word 'bats'?

2 Signup and view all the answers

What does the term 'syntax' refer to in language processing?

The arrangement of words to create meaning Signup and view all the answers

What does overconfidence refer to in psychological terms?

Overestimating one's abilities Signup and view all the answers

Which phenomenon is illustrated by saying that ground beef is 75% lean instead of 25% fat?

Framing Effect Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Memory

Memory is a system for encoding, storing, and retrieving information.
Long-term memory has unlimited capacity.
Three processes involved in long-term memory: encoding, storage, and retrieval.

Types of Memory

Sensory memory
Short-term memory
Long-term memory

Sensory Memory

Iconic memory: visual sensory memory (lasts less than 0.5 seconds).
Echoic memory: auditory sensory memory (lasts 3-4 seconds).

Automatic Processing

Automatic processing: involves attention and memory, but doesn't require conscious effort.
Example: reading, riding a bike, driving a car.

Memory Improvement Techniques

Chunking: grouping items into meaningful units.
Mnemonics/Mnemonic devices: memory aids, often using imagery of associations.

Long-Term Potentiation (LTP)

LTP: strengthening of synaptic connections over time, facilitating the encoding, maintenance and retrieval of information.

Recall vs. Recognition

Recall: retrieving information not currently in conscious awareness, e.g., fill-in-the-blank tests.
Recognition: identifying previously learned items, e.g., multiple-choice tests.
Relearning: learning something more quickly on subsequent attempts.

Serial Position Effect

Remembering the beginning and end of a list better than the middle.

Retrieval Cues

Stimuli that can help trigger the retrieval of memories (e.g., smell of baked cookies).

Amnesia

Retrograde amnesia: inability to recall past memories.
Anterograde amnesia: inability to form new memories.

Memory Construction

Memory construction: the process of formulating new memories, which may be influenced by biases.

Misinformation Effect

Misinformation effect: when misleading information influences the reconstruction of memories.

Cognition

Cognition: mental action or processing of acquiring knowledge and understanding through experience and senses.

Creativity Characteristics

Curiosity
Sensitivity
Openness to experience
Motivation

Algorithms and Prototypes

Algorithm: step-by-step procedure guaranteed to produce a correct answer.
Prototype: an example considered the best example of a category (e.g., the eagle as a prototype of a bird).

Language

Language: a system of communication using rules to convey meaning.

Framing Effect

Framing effect: influence of wording on judgments and decisions (e.g., 75% lean vs. 25% fat).

Cognitive Biases

Confirmation bias: seeking information that confirms one's beliefs while ignoring contradictory information (e.g., during elections).
Overconfidence: overestimating one's abilities, particularly in tasks.
Belief perseverance: maintaining beliefs even when contradictory evidence is presented.

Language Components

Morpheme: the smallest unit of meaning in language (e.g., "bat" in "bats").
Semantics: the study of meaning in language

Linguistic Relativity

Whorf's linguistic relativity hypothesis: language shapes thought.

Speech Development

Babbling: the earliest stage of speech development.

Bilingualism

Bilingual individuals often have enhanced inhibitory control, allowing them to better focus on relevant information.

Syntax

Syntax: the arrangement of words and phrases to create grammatical order.

###Working Memory

Working memory is a component of short-term and sensory memory that combines short-term memory with attention control.

Semantic Encoding

Semantic encoding: a memory process making associations and meaningful links to deeply process information.

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Description

Test your knowledge on memory systems, processes, and improvement techniques. This quiz covers sensory memory, short-term and long-term memory, and concepts like recall and recognition. Dive into the fascinating world of how we encode, store, and retrieve information.