Questions and Answers
Retroactive interference occurs when:
Define retroactive interference.
Backward acting memory; a new memory interferes with remembering an old memory.
What is proactive interference?
The disruptive effect of prior learning on the recall of new information.
What does the prefix 'pro-' mean?
Signup and view all the answers
Which of the following types of memory does not affect behavior consciously and can be measured only indirectly?
Signup and view all the answers
What is nondeclarative memory?
Signup and view all the answers
What is declarative memory?
Signup and view all the answers
The time that your favorite restaurant closes is stored as a _____ memory.
Signup and view all the answers
What parts of the brain are in charge of declarative memory?
Signup and view all the answers
What is episodic memory?
Signup and view all the answers
Explicit memory can be divided into two parts:
Signup and view all the answers
Memory such as skills (e.g., knowing how to get dressed) is what type?
Signup and view all the answers
Based on operant conditioning principles, which type of punishment would be least effective in stopping a child's desire to write on the walls?
Signup and view all the answers
Positive reinforcement is generally ____ ______ than punishment for increasing the frequency of a desired behavior.
Signup and view all the answers
What is vicarious reinforcement?
Signup and view all the answers
What is innate behavior?
Signup and view all the answers
What is procedural memory?
Signup and view all the answers
Amnesic patients with hippocampal damage may not have ___ memory for a skill they have recently learned, indicating that _____ memory exists.
Signup and view all the answers
What is echoic memory?
Signup and view all the answers
A demyelinating disorder, such as multiple sclerosis, would cause all of the following symptoms EXCEPT:
Signup and view all the answers
A reduction in myelination would result in a ___ in white matter.
Signup and view all the answers
What are Nodes of Ranvier?
Signup and view all the answers
Myelination speeds the movement of the action potential along the length of the____.
Signup and view all the answers
What is myelination?
Signup and view all the answers
What is saltatory conduction?
Signup and view all the answers
What is Sick role theory?
Signup and view all the answers
What is Functionalism?
Signup and view all the answers
What is Symbolic Interactionism?
Signup and view all the answers
Latent functions of education are the consequences of a lesson that (______/was) explicitly stated.
Signup and view all the answers
Manifest functions of education are the consequences of a lesson that has been intentionally taught, with an intended purpose.
Signup and view all the answers
____ is most often associated with conflict theory and the Communist Manifesto.
Signup and view all the answers
_____ expanded on Marx by asserting that civilizations are shaped by war and conquest.
Signup and view all the answers
What is Ludwig Gumplowicz known for?
Signup and view all the answers
What does Weber's Law state?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the Communist Manifesto?
Signup and view all the answers
What is Communism?
Signup and view all the answers
Functionalism focuses on social structures and how they interact.
Signup and view all the answers
Conflict theory seeks to describe the relationship between unequal access and social tension.
Signup and view all the answers
What are brute facts?
Signup and view all the answers
What is gentrification?
Signup and view all the answers
What is gender stratification?
Signup and view all the answers
What is hidden curriculum?
Signup and view all the answers
Who is a patriarch?
Signup and view all the answers
What is patrilocality?
Signup and view all the answers
What is matrilocality?
Signup and view all the answers
What is neolocal residence?
Signup and view all the answers
What is neologism?
Signup and view all the answers
What does ambiguous mean?
Signup and view all the answers
What does ambilocal mean?
Signup and view all the answers
What is a sect?
Signup and view all the answers
What is an ecclesia?
Signup and view all the answers
What is a cult?
Signup and view all the answers
The medicalization of deviance is the process of changing a 'bad' behavior into a 'sick' behavior.
Signup and view all the answers
What is a locavore?
Signup and view all the answers
What is Durkheim's view on religion?
Signup and view all the answers
Study Notes
Memory Interference
- Retroactive interference: New information interferes with recalling older material.
- Proactive interference: Old information disrupts the learning of new material.
Memory Types
- Nondeclarative memory (implicit): Not consciously recalled; measured indirectly, involved in skills and habits.
- Declarative memory (explicit): Consciously recalled memories, includes episodic (personal experiences) and semantic (factual information) memories.
Brain and Memory
- Key brain regions for declarative memory: Temporal cortex and hippocampus, critical for episodic memory retention.
Learning and Behavior
- Positive reinforcement: More effective than punishment in increasing desired behaviors.
- Vicarious reinforcement: Observing a model being rewarded increases the likelihood of imitation.
Operant Conditioning
- Ineffective punishment: Occasional punishment is less effective in modifying behavior compared to consistent consequences.
Amnesia and Memory
- Amnesic patients: May not have declarative memory but can demonstrate skills due to intact implicit memory.
Sensory Memory
- Echoic memory: Momentary retention of auditory information lasting 3-4 seconds.
Nervous System and Myelination
- Myelin: Insulating sheath around axons, essential for faster signal transmission.
- Saltatory conduction: Impulses jump between nodes of Ranvier, speeding up action potential movement.
Theoretical Frameworks
- Functionalism: Focuses on how mental processes help organisms adapt and thrive.
- Conflict theory: Views society as groups competing for scarce resources, highlighting issues of inequality.
Sociology and Group Dynamics
- Gentrification: Middle-class restoration of urban areas displacing lower-income residents.
- Gender stratification: Unequal distribution of wealth and power between genders.
Family Structures
- Matrilocality: Married couples live near the wife's family.
- Neolocal residence: Couples establish their own home separate from either family.
Religious Organizations
- Ecclesia: Religious group recognized as the national religion, encompassing most of society.
- Sect: Smaller group that has separated from an established denomination.
Deviance and Social Behavior
- Medicalization of deviance: Reframing 'bad' behaviors as 'sick' behaviors, while demedicalization normalizes 'sick' behaviors.
Cultural Concepts
- Locavore: Individual focusing on locally grown or produced food.
Studying That Suits You
Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.
Description
Explore key concepts in memory interference, types of memory, and behavior learning mechanisms. This quiz covers both declarative and nondeclarative memory, the role of the brain in memory retention, and principles of operant conditioning. Test your understanding of how learning and behavior can be reinforced or disrupted.