Psychology: Humanistic, Cognitive, Biological

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Questions and Answers

Match the following psychological terms with their simplified definitions:

Self-concept = How healthy people strive to reach their full potential

Match the following approaches with their primary focus:

Humanistic = Emphasizes looking at the whole individual and stresses concepts such as free will, self-efficacy, and self-actualization

Match the description to the type of therapy it may be referring to:

Humanistic therapy = Can help individuals recognize their strengths and use them to overcome challenges and find self-actualization.

Match the psychologist with their related term in the context of positive psychology:

Martin Seligman = Focusing on dysfunction and challenges Signup and view all the answers

Match the scenario with how it would be approached from a Humanistic perspective:

A friend feels like his or her life is bland and boring. = Encourage the person to do some soul-searching and determine what is missing. Signup and view all the answers

Match the psychological perspective to its core idea:

Humanistic = How healthy people strive to reach their full potential and maximize their well-being Psychodynamic = The unconscious drives influence a person's behavior Behavioral = How we learn through rewards, punishments, and observations Biological = How our biological structures and substances underlie a given behavior, thought, or emotion Signup and view all the answers

Match the Freudian concept to its description:

Id = The unconscious drives and conflicts Ego = Strives to help people fulfill their potential Superego = How thinking and behavior change depending on the setting or situation Unconscious = Influences by societal norms. Signup and view all the answers

Match the behaviorist with their experiment:

Albert Bandura = Bobo Doll Ivan Pavlov = Pavlov’s Dog John Watson = Little Albert BF Skinner = Skinner’s Cat/Rat Signup and view all the answers

Match the type of conditioning with its example:

Classical conditioning = How we learn a new association or task Operant conditioning = How we learn through rewards, punishments, and observations Positive reinforcement = How we learn through rewards, punishments, and observations Negative reinforcement = The unconscious drives influence a person's behavior Signup and view all the answers

Match the psychological perspective with its core focus:

Cognitive = Mental processes and information processing Biological = Influence of brain chemistry and genetics on behavior Behavioral = Learning through conditioning and environmental responses Sociocultural = Impact of social norms and interactions Signup and view all the answers

Match the type of punishment with its description:

Positive punishment = How thinking and behavior change depending on the setting or situation Negative punishment = The unconscious drives influence a person's behavior Positive reinforcement = How we learn through rewards, punishments, and observations Negative reinforcement = The unconscious drives influence a person's behavior Signup and view all the answers

Match the psychologist with their contribution to the field:

Jean Piaget = Stages of Cognitive Development Ivan Pavlov = Classical Conditioning B.F. Skinner = Operant Conditioning Margaret Floy Washburn = Animal Behavior and Motor Theory Development Signup and view all the answers

Match the type of conditioning with its description:

Classical Conditioning = Learning by associating stimuli Operant Conditioning = Learning through consequences of behavior Positive Reinforcement = Adding a pleasant stimulus to increase behavior Negative Punishment = Removing a pleasant stimulus to decrease behavior Signup and view all the answers

Match the sociocultural concept with its essence:

Social norms = How thinking and behavior change depending on the setting or situation Social-Cultural = You are influenced by those areound you, especially if they are older. They shape your behavior, actions, repsonses, and even how you perceive things. Lev Vygotsky = How healthy people strive to reach their full potential and maximize their well-being Zone of Proximal Development = Strives to help people fulfill their potential Signup and view all the answers

Match the cognitive psychologist to their theory:

Problem-solving = Influenced by societal norms. Jean Piaget = Stages of Development Wilhelm Wundt = Operant conditioning Cognitive = How we process information Signup and view all the answers

Match the scenario with the psychological perspective that best explains it:

Experiencing anxiety before an exam = Biological Learning a new language through immersion = Behavioral Understanding the stages of development = Cognitive Adjusting behavior to fit in with a peer group = Sociocultural Signup and view all the answers

Match the concept with its description:

Self-concept = The unconscious drives influence a person's behavior Genetics = How our biological structures and substances underlie a given behavior, thought, or emotion How we are affected by unconscious drives and conflicts = Influenced by societal norms. Strives to help people fulfill their potential = How thinking and behavior change depending on the setting or situation Signup and view all the answers

Match the reward or punishment with its effect on behavior:

Positive Reinforcement = Increases the likelihood of a behavior by adding a desirable stimulus Negative Reinforcement = Increases the likelihood of a behavior by removing an unpleasant stimulus Positive Punishment = Decreases the likelihood of a behavior by adding an undesirable stimulus Negative Punishment = Decreases the likelihood of a behavior by removing a desirable stimulus Signup and view all the answers

Match the term with its definition:

Cognition = The mental action or process of acquiring knowledge and understanding through thought, experience, and the senses Genetics = The study of heredity and the variation of inherited characteristics Conditioning = The process of training or accustoming a person or animal to behave in a certain way or to accept certain circumstances Social Norms = Rules or standards of behavior expected of a group, society, or culture Signup and view all the answers

Match the example with the type of reinforcement or punishment:

Giving a child candy for completing their homework = Positive Reinforcement Taking away a teenager's phone for breaking curfew = Negative Punishment Assigning extra chores for misbehaving = Positive Punishment Removing a curfew for good behavior = Negative Reinforcement Signup and view all the answers

Match the concept of a psychological perspective with its real-world application:

Sociocultural = Studying the effects of cultural background on academic achievement Behavioral = Using token economies to manage behavior in classrooms Biological = Investigating the role of neurotransmitters in depression Cognitive = Developing strategies to improve memory recall Signup and view all the answers

Match the research method with the psychological perspective it best aligns with:

Experimentation = Behavioral Brain Scans = Biological Observation = Sociocultural Cognitive Modeling = Cognitive Signup and view all the answers

Match the stage given with who proposed it and its perspective:

Piaget's Theory of Cognitive Development = Cognitive Pavlovian Conditioning = Behavioral Impact of brain chemistry = Biological Social pressures = Sociocultural Signup and view all the answers

Match the psychological concept with its description:

Social-cultural Perspective = Focuses on how cultural norms and social contexts influence behavior and mental processes. Psychodynamic Perspective = Explains behavior as driven by unconscious forces and early childhood experiences. Unconscious Drives = Internal motivations that influence behavior without our awareness, often stemming from repressed desires or conflicts. Defense Mechanisms = Psychological strategies used to protect oneself from unacceptable thoughts, feelings, or impulses. Signup and view all the answers

Match the historical figure with their significant contribution to the development of psychology:

William James = Known for his work on functionalism; emphasized the importance of studying the purpose of consciousness and behavior Mary Whiton Calkins = First woman president of the American Psychological Association. Lev Vygotsky = Developed the sociocultural theory of cognitive development; stressed the role of social interactions in learning and development. Sigmund Freud = Founder of psychoanalysis; emphasized the role of unconscious drives and childhood experiences in shaping personality. Signup and view all the answers

Match the theoretical concept with the corresponding description:

Social Learning = Learning through observation and imitation of others. Behavior Change = The process of altering or modifying actions in response to environmental cues or interventions. Emotional Problem = Difficulties in regulating and experiencing emotions. Psychological Problem = Difficulties in thinking, feeling, or behaving. Signup and view all the answers

Match each term with its psychological significance:

Bobo Doll = A toy used in a famous experiment demonstrating observational learning; exemplified the impact of modeling aggressive behavior. Experiment = A research method used to establish cause-and-effect relationships between variables. Unconscious = The part of the mind containing thoughts, feelings, and memories of which a person is not aware. Setting = The physical, social, and cultural context in which behavior occurs; influences how individuals act and interpret situations. Signup and view all the answers

Match the researcher with the corresponding experiment or theory:

Albert Bandura = Conducted research on observational learning and developed social learning theory; famous for the Bobo doll experiment. Sigmund Freud = Developed psychoanalytic theory; hypothesized that unconscious drives and early childhood experiences shape personality. William James = Known for his contributions to functionalism; sought to understand the adaptive functions of consciousness and behavior. Mary Whiton Calkins = A pioneering psychologist who conducted research on memory; developed the paired-associate technique. Signup and view all the answers

Match the term with its role in understanding behavior:

Culture = Shapes behavior through shared beliefs, values, and norms; influences how individuals perceive the world and interact with others. Modeling = A process of learning by observing the behavior of others and imitating it; demonstrated in Bandura's Bobo doll experiment. Case Study = An in-depth investigation of an individual or a small group; provides detailed insights into complex psychological phenomena. Personality Development = The process through which an individual's distinctive patterns of thinking, feeling, and behaving emerge over time; influenced by both genetic and environmental factors. Signup and view all the answers

Match each concept with its role in the psychodynamic perspective:

Unconscious = A reservoir of thoughts, feelings, and memories that are hidden from awareness but influence behavior. Defense Mechanisms = Psychological strategies used to protect the ego from anxiety-arousing thoughts and feelings. Conflict = A clash between opposing forces, such as the id, ego, and superego, that can generate anxiety Early Childhood Experiences = Events that occur during the formative years of life; shape personality and psychological development. Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Humanistic Psychology

Focuses on helping individuals fulfill their potential and maximize their well-being, rather than focusing on dysfunction.

Core Concepts of Humanistic Psychology

Emphasizes the whole individual and stresses concepts like free will, self-efficacy (belief in oneself), and self-actualization (achieving one's full potential).

Self-Efficacy

The belief in one's ability to succeed in specific situations or accomplish a task. A key concept in humanistic psychology.

Self-Actualization

The process of fulfilling one's potential and becoming the best version of oneself. A primary goal in humanistic psychology.