Psychology Final Exam Review

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Questions and Answers

Which of the following traits is NOT one of the Big Five Personality Traits?

  • Agreeableness
  • Conscientiousness
  • Openness
  • Sociability (correct)

What is the focus of Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs?

  • Employee performance and productivity
  • Categorizing different motivation approaches
  • Understanding psychological contracts
  • Classifying human needs from basic to complex (correct)

Which of the following describes a characteristic of an Employee Centered Leader?

  • Prioritizes meeting organizational goals
  • Focuses primarily on task completion
  • Emphasizes worker relationships and satisfaction (correct)
  • Utilizes coercive power to motivate

What is a likely consequence of high stress levels in the workplace?

<p>Higher likelihood of absenteeism (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the term 'Locus of Control' refer to?

<p>The extent to which individuals believe they can control events affecting them (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which leadership style focuses on achieving goals while supporting the needs of employees?

<p>Path-Goal Leadership (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of communication focuses on the flow of information between different organizational levels?

<p>Downward Communication (B), Upward Communication (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which term best describes a belief in one's ability to succeed in specific situations?

<p>Self-Efficacy (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Psychological Contract

A psychological contract is an unspoken agreement between an employee and an employer, outlining expectations and obligations. The employee contributes skills and effort, while the employer provides compensation and benefits.

The Big Five Personality Traits

The 'Big Five' are five broad personality traits that describe an individual's personality: Openness, Conscientiousness, Extraversion, Agreeableness, and Negative Emotionality. Each trait reflects a range of behaviors and attitudes.

Locus of Control

Locus of control determines whether an individual believes they have control over their outcomes (internal) or if external factors are responsible (external).

Self-Efficacy

Self-efficacy is the belief in one's ability to execute a specific task successfully, affecting performance and motivation.

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Job Satisfaction

Job satisfaction refers to a positive attitude towards one's job, while dissatisfaction reflects negative feelings about the work and environment.

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Organizational Commitment

Organizational commitment is the degree to which an employee identifies with a particular organization and feels obligated to contribute.

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Stress

Stress is a psychological and physiological response to demanding situations called stressors. It can negatively impact performance and well-being.

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Leadership

Leadership is the ability to influence a group toward the achievement of common goals. Leaders can utilize various styles and approaches depending on the situation.

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Study Notes

Final Exam Information

  • Final exam is Tuesday, December 17th
  • Chapters 10, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, and 18 are covered
  • Bring #2 pencils
  • 50 multiple-choice questions
  • Study sheet provides terms and notes for the exam, based on class discussions and homework assignments.

Key Terms for Review

  • Psychological Contracts (Inducements and Contributions)
  • Personality; The Big Five Personality Traits (Agreeableness, Conscientiousness, Negative Emotionality, Extroversion, and Openness)
  • Myers Briggs (Extroversion vs. Introversion, Sensing vs. Intuition, Thinking vs. Feeling, Judging vs. Perceiving)
  • Locus of Control (Internal and External)
  • Self-efficacy; Authoritarianism
  • Machiavellianism; Self-Esteem; Risk Propensity
  • Cognitive Dissonance
  • Job Satisfaction and Dissatisfaction
  • Organizational Commitment
  • Mood; Selective Perception; Stereotyping; Stress
  • Stressors (Task Demand, Physical Demands, Role Demands, Interpersonal Demands)
  • Consequences of Stress (Behavioral, Psychological, Medical, Burnout)
  • Negative and Positive Affectivity
  • Managing Stress; Performance Behaviors
  • Workplace Behavior; Turnover; Absenteeism; Traditional and Human Relations approaches to motivation
  • Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs (review of levels and meaning)
  • Expectancy Theory; Equity Theory; Reinforcement Theory (Positive Reinforcement, Avoidance, Punishment, Extinction)
  • Empowerment; Job Sharing; Telecommuting; Flexible Work Schedules; Compressed Work Schedules; Merit Pay; Participation
  • Leadership; Powers of Leaders (Legitimate, Reward, Coercive, Referent, and Expert)
  • Job Centered Leader; Employee Centered Leader; Least Preferred Coworker; Situational Approaches to Leadership
  • Task Oriented Leaders; Fiedler's Beliefs about Leadership
  • Path Goal Theory (Directive, Supportive, Participative, and Achievement Oriented Leaders)
  • Vroom's Model of Leadership
  • Substitutes for Leadership; Charismatic Leadership; Transformational Leadership; Strategic Leadership; Cross Cultural Leadership; Ethical Leadership
  • Communication Process (Messenger, Encoding, Decoding, Receiver, Feedback, and Noise)
  • Oral and Written Communication; Upward and Downward Communication; Horizontal Communication; Grapevine; Electronic Communication
  • Management by Wandering Around; Non Verbal Communication; Images and Settings; Body Language
  • Barriers to Communication (Poor Listening Skills, Lack of Credibility, Reluctance to Communicate, Semantics, Status of Power Distances, Overload, Language Differences)
  • Groups (functional, task, informal, interest)
  • Stages of Group Development (forming, storming, norming, performing and adjourning); Role Ambiguity; Inter role Conflict; Intra role Conflict; Intra sender Conflict; Person Role Conflict; role overload; Norms; Control; Financial Statements; Operations Control and Implementing Control Process; Standards; Preliminary Control; Screening Control; Post Action Control
  • Conflict; Manufacturing; Service; Retail; and Wholesale; Plant Layouts (Product, process, Fixed Position and Cellular); Automation; Total Quality Management; and Information Technology

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