Podcast
Questions and Answers
What type of question asks respondents to provide a more detailed answer?
What type of question asks respondents to provide a more detailed answer?
Which of the following is an example of a closed question?
Which of the following is an example of a closed question?
What is the purpose of asking, 'How often do you do the homework set?'
What is the purpose of asking, 'How often do you do the homework set?'
Which rating indicates a complete lack of understanding?
Which rating indicates a complete lack of understanding?
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Why might Dr. Huang prefer using open questions in a questionnaire?
Why might Dr. Huang prefer using open questions in a questionnaire?
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What is the key distinction between self-reports and other types of data collection?
What is the key distinction between self-reports and other types of data collection?
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Which two techniques are primarily used to conduct self-reports?
Which two techniques are primarily used to conduct self-reports?
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What type of questions in a questionnaire allow for a limited set of responses?
What type of questions in a questionnaire allow for a limited set of responses?
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Which of the following is an example of a closed question?
Which of the following is an example of a closed question?
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A Likert scale allows respondents to express their views on a statement using which of the following?
A Likert scale allows respondents to express their views on a statement using which of the following?
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Study Notes
Self-Reports
- Self-reports involve participants providing information about themselves directly.
- Methods include questionnaires and interviews, differing from experimental tests or observations where data is inferred by the researcher.
Questionnaires
- Presented in written form, can be administered via paper or online.
- Key formats include:
- Closed Questions: Fixed responses; can be yes/no or multiple-choice (e.g., travel options).
- Open Questions: Descriptive, allowing participant to express answers in their own words.
Closed Questions
- Can include:
- Simple choices (e.g., binary options).
- Rating scales (0 to 5).
- Likert scales (respondent indicates agreement with statements).
Open Questions
- Encourage detailed, in-depth responses.
- Prompts often include "Why...?" or "Describe...".
Example Self-Report Structure
- Quantitative Data: Collected from closed questions (e.g., frequency of homework).
- Qualitative Data: Collected from open questions (e.g., revision techniques).
Research Application
- Dr. Huang, a psychology teacher, used an online questionnaire to assess student progress.
- Included both closed and open questions for comprehensive data collection and analysis.
Advantages and Disadvantages of Questionnaires
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Advantages:
- Easy to analyze quantitative data.
- Produces clear summaries and averages for results.
- Facilitates large-scale data collection.
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Disadvantages:
- Responses to open questions require interpretation, risking inconsistency.
- Low return rates may limit sample diversity (potentially affecting generalizability).
- Social desirability bias may lead participants to provide favorable answers.
Interviews
- Can be face-to-face or conducted via phone/chat.
- Formats include:
- Structured Interviews: Fixed questions and order.
- Unstructured Interviews: Flexible questioning based on participant responses.
- Semi-Structured Interviews: Combination of fixed and flexible questions.
Validity and Reliability Concerns
- Self-report data may be affected by:
- Participants misrepresenting themselves (social desirability bias).
- Subjectivity of researcher when interpreting open-ended responses.
- Consistent administration of structured questions can enhance reliability; open responses require careful interpretation to maintain objectivity.
Evaluating Research Methods
- Consider how method affects participant honesty and the validity of findings.
- Examine data types generated: numerical data from closed questions vs. qualitative insights from open questions.
- Understand the balance in using structured and unstructured interviews to maximize both reliability and depth of information.
Research Planning
- Ability to design self-report studies, distinguishing between questionnaire or interview use.
- Importance of recognizing and evaluating various question formats (open vs. closed).
- Planning effective revision strategies can be tied back to feedback gathered in self-reports.
Studying That Suits You
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Description
This questionnaire is designed to assess students' engagement and understanding of psychology as a subject. It covers homework completion, resource creation, and personal perceptions of the curriculum's difficulty. Your responses will help improve the teaching approach and resource allocation.
