Questions and Answers
What type of question asks respondents to provide a more detailed answer?
Which of the following is an example of a closed question?
What is the purpose of asking, 'How often do you do the homework set?'
Which rating indicates a complete lack of understanding?
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Why might Dr. Huang prefer using open questions in a questionnaire?
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What is the key distinction between self-reports and other types of data collection?
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Which two techniques are primarily used to conduct self-reports?
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What type of questions in a questionnaire allow for a limited set of responses?
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Which of the following is an example of a closed question?
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A Likert scale allows respondents to express their views on a statement using which of the following?
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Study Notes
Self-Reports
- Self-reports involve participants providing information about themselves directly.
- Methods include questionnaires and interviews, differing from experimental tests or observations where data is inferred by the researcher.
Questionnaires
- Presented in written form, can be administered via paper or online.
- Key formats include:
- Closed Questions: Fixed responses; can be yes/no or multiple-choice (e.g., travel options).
- Open Questions: Descriptive, allowing participant to express answers in their own words.
Closed Questions
- Can include:
- Simple choices (e.g., binary options).
- Rating scales (0 to 5).
- Likert scales (respondent indicates agreement with statements).
Open Questions
- Encourage detailed, in-depth responses.
- Prompts often include "Why...?" or "Describe...".
Example Self-Report Structure
- Quantitative Data: Collected from closed questions (e.g., frequency of homework).
- Qualitative Data: Collected from open questions (e.g., revision techniques).
Research Application
- Dr. Huang, a psychology teacher, used an online questionnaire to assess student progress.
- Included both closed and open questions for comprehensive data collection and analysis.
Advantages and Disadvantages of Questionnaires
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Advantages:
- Easy to analyze quantitative data.
- Produces clear summaries and averages for results.
- Facilitates large-scale data collection.
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Disadvantages:
- Responses to open questions require interpretation, risking inconsistency.
- Low return rates may limit sample diversity (potentially affecting generalizability).
- Social desirability bias may lead participants to provide favorable answers.
Interviews
- Can be face-to-face or conducted via phone/chat.
- Formats include:
- Structured Interviews: Fixed questions and order.
- Unstructured Interviews: Flexible questioning based on participant responses.
- Semi-Structured Interviews: Combination of fixed and flexible questions.
Validity and Reliability Concerns
- Self-report data may be affected by:
- Participants misrepresenting themselves (social desirability bias).
- Subjectivity of researcher when interpreting open-ended responses.
- Consistent administration of structured questions can enhance reliability; open responses require careful interpretation to maintain objectivity.
Evaluating Research Methods
- Consider how method affects participant honesty and the validity of findings.
- Examine data types generated: numerical data from closed questions vs. qualitative insights from open questions.
- Understand the balance in using structured and unstructured interviews to maximize both reliability and depth of information.
Research Planning
- Ability to design self-report studies, distinguishing between questionnaire or interview use.
- Importance of recognizing and evaluating various question formats (open vs. closed).
- Planning effective revision strategies can be tied back to feedback gathered in self-reports.
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Description
This questionnaire is designed to assess students' engagement and understanding of psychology as a subject. It covers homework completion, resource creation, and personal perceptions of the curriculum's difficulty. Your responses will help improve the teaching approach and resource allocation.
