Psychology Exam 4 Flashcards

Questions and Answers

What percentage of American adults suffer from a diagnosable mental disorder in any given year?

30 percent

40 percent

10 percent

20 percent (correct)

Of the 38,000 Americans who committed suicide in 2011, what percent had a diagnosable mental disorder?

60 percent

90 percent (correct)

50 percent

70 percent

What is the scientific study of mental, emotional, and behavioral disorders called?

psychopathology

How would a drug abuser or a prostitute be judged as abnormal based on in the United States?

social nonconformity Signup and view all the answers

What is the idea that judgments are made comparable to the values of the society in which one lives called?

cultural relativity Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following behaviors is considered abnormal by almost all cultures?

Failure to communicate Signup and view all the answers

What explains most instances in which people voluntarily seek professional help?

subjective discomfort Signup and view all the answers

What is the core feature defining abnormal behavior indicative of a person requiring psychological help?

being maladaptive Signup and view all the answers

Insanity is a legal term that refers to people who are unable to manage their affairs or foresee consequences.

True Signup and view all the answers

What system is currently used in America to classify psychological problems?

Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5) Signup and view all the answers

What are problems arising before adulthood, such as intellectual disabilities and autism called?

neurodevelopment disorders Signup and view all the answers

What is considered the most severe psychological disorder?

personality disorders Signup and view all the answers

Schizophrenia and delusional disorders fall under which category?

psychotic disorders Signup and view all the answers

Persons who are either euphoric and hyperactive or severely depressed may be suffering from what?

mood disorders Signup and view all the answers

Any behavior that has a positive impact on other people is referred to as?

prosocial behavior Signup and view all the answers

Behaviors such as aggression, prejudice, and discrimination would be considered?

antisocial behaviors Signup and view all the answers

The desire to associate with others describes our need to?

affiliate Signup and view all the answers

In the Dr. Zilstein experiment conducted by Schachter, the women were frightened in order to study?

affiliation Signup and view all the answers

The women participants preferred to wait with other women regardless of whether the shock would be painful or just a mild tickle.

False Signup and view all the answers

When people are anxious or frightened, most people prefer to be?

with people in circumstances similar to their own Signup and view all the answers

In social psychology, Phillip's affinity for Lydia would be called?

interpersonal attraction Signup and view all the answers

In general, we are attracted to people who?

we are familiar with Signup and view all the answers

The fact that there does seem to be a 'boy-next-door' or 'girl-next-door' effect in romantic attraction illustrates which factor of interpersonal attraction?

Physical proximity Signup and view all the answers

The tendency we have to marry someone who is similar to us in almost every way is called?

homogamy Signup and view all the answers

Physically attractive people are generally assumed to be more intelligent, warm, witty, and likable.

True Signup and view all the answers

According to your textbook, what is the most important factor influencing the development of friendships?

reciprocity Signup and view all the answers

Sharing your own private thoughts and feelings is called?

self-disclosure Signup and view all the answers

Moderate self-disclosure typically leads to?

reciprocity and trust Signup and view all the answers

You will tend to be less attracted and more suspicious of someone who is exhibiting?

over-disclosure Signup and view all the answers

According to social exchange theory, for relationships to be maintained?

rewards must exceed costs Signup and view all the answers

What is the definition of applied psychology?

the use of psychological principles to solve practical problems Signup and view all the answers

Areas of applied psychology include all of the following except?

Developmental psychology Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Mental Health Statistics

Approximately 20% of American adults experience a diagnosable mental disorder each year.
In 2011, 90% of the 38,000 Americans who committed suicide had a diagnosable mental disorder.

Definitions and Fields of Study

Psychopathology is the scientific study of mental, emotional, and behavioral disorders.
Social nonconformity is a criterion used to judge behaviors like drug abuse or prostitution as abnormal.
Cultural relativity refers to making judgments about abnormality relative to societal values.

Abnormal Behavior Characteristics

Common abnormal behaviors recognized across cultures include failure to communicate and unpredictable actions.
Subjective discomfort often drives individuals to seek professional psychological help.
Abnormal behavior is characterized by being maladaptive, indicating a need for psychological assistance.

Legal and Classification Terms

Insanity is a legal term indicating an inability to manage affairs or foresee consequences.
The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5) is the classification system used in the U.S. for psychological problems.

Types of Psychological Disorders

Neurodevelopment disorders, such as intellectual disabilities and autism, arise before adulthood.
Personality disorders are considered the most severe psychological disorders.
Schizophrenia and delusional disorders are categorized as psychotic disorders.
Mood disorders encompass conditions where individuals may fluctuate between euphoric and severely depressed states.

Behavioral Concepts

Prosocial behavior refers to actions that positively impact others.
Antisocial behaviors include aggression, prejudice, and discrimination.
The need to affiliate describes the desire to associate with others.

Affiliation Research and Findings

In Dr. Zilstein’s experiment by Schachter, fear was used to study the concept of affiliation.
Women in the study preferred to wait with others regardless of the pain level of the impending shock.

Interpersonal Attraction

Interpersonal attraction describes the affinity one feels towards another, exemplified by Phillip's interest in Lydia.
Familiarity tends to increase attraction to others.
The "boy-next-door" or "girl-next-door" effect reflects the impact of physical proximity on romantic attraction.
Homogamy characterizes the tendency to marry someone with similar traits.

Perceptions and Friendships

The halo effect refers to the assumption that physically attractive individuals possess other positive traits such as intelligence and warmth.
Reciprocity is identified as the most crucial factor in developing friendships.
Self-disclosure involves sharing private thoughts and feelings, leading to trust and reciprocity when moderate.
Over-disclosure may lead to decreased attraction and increased suspicion.

Relationship Maintenance

Social exchange theory posits that relationships are maintained when perceived rewards exceed costs.

Applied Psychology

Applied psychology utilizes psychological principles to address and solve practical problems.
Areas of applied psychology exclude certain fields, such as sports psychology.

Studying That Suits You

Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.

Description

This quiz contains essential flashcards for Psychology Exam 4, focusing on mental disorders and psychopathology. It covers key statistics and definitions related to mental health issues in America, providing valuable insights for students preparing for their exams.