Understanding Mental Disorders
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Questions and Answers

What is primarily assessed during client responses in the diagnostic process?

  • Thoughts, feelings, and behaviors (correct)
  • Physical health conditions
  • Family history of mental illness
  • Societal influences on behavior

What is the purpose of the SCID-5 in clinical assessments?

  • To administer psychological tests
  • To conduct therapy sessions
  • To evaluate symptoms and sort them into diagnosis categories (correct)
  • To provide medication recommendations

Which of the following is an example of a syndrome that may be matched to symptoms during diagnosis?

  • Obsessive-Compulsive Personality Disorder
  • Generalized Anxiety Disorder
  • Social Phobia (Social Anxiety Disorder) (correct)
  • Somatic Symptom Disorder

What critique has been raised regarding the DSM-5?

<p>It includes too many syndromes, making it too broad. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which approach emphasizes the interaction between the individual and their environment in understanding mental disorders?

<p>Biopsychosocial Model (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which factor is NOT considered when diagnosing a mental disorder according to the criteria mentioned?

<p>Voluntary choice to engage in a behavior (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How are diagnoses in the DSM-5 aligned with client symptoms?

<p>By matching clusters of symptoms to syndrome categories (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which behavior exemplifies a choice not linked to mental disorder criteria?

<p>Hunger strike (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a key aspect of the DSM-5's approach to diagnosing mental disorders?

<p>Classifying based on observable symptoms (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

According to the DSM-5, which condition must be met for a syndrome to qualify as a mental disorder?

<p>Clinically significant detriment originating from an internal source (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the multi-axial system in the DSM-5 imply about patient diagnosis?

<p>Various factors affecting mental health are considered (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes what is meant by 'symptom' in the context of mental disorders?

<p>An indicator of a potential mental disorder (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which year marked the publication of the first DSM edition?

<p>1952 (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a criticism often levied against the DSM-5?

<p>It may create too many labels for mental disorders (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is meant by 'syndrome' in the context of mental health?

<p>A constellation of interrelated symptoms from an individual (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following aspects should a diagnosis interfere with to qualify as a mental disorder?

<p>Work, social relations, or self-care (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a criticism of the DSM-5 regarding its diagnostic criteria?

<p>It leads to unnecessary medicalization of normal behavior. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which clinical syndrome includes disorders such as PTSD?

<p>Trauma and stressor related disorders (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How has the DSM-5 changed the classification of schizophrenia compared to previous editions?

<p>It removed the subtypes previously used such as paranoia. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Under which category would you find disorders like anorexia and bulimia?

<p>Feeding and eating disorders (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following describes a common concern about the breadth of DSM-5 diagnoses?

<p>It may pathologize normal behaviors and emotions. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a major distinction made in the DSM-5 regarding gender dysphoria?

<p>It has been separated from sexual disorders to highlight its symptoms. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which disorder is classified as a neurodevelopmental disorder in the DSM-5?

<p>Autism spectrum disorder (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of these disorders is NOT classified under mood disorders?

<p>Social anxiety (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

DSM-5 Pathologizing Normal Behavior

The DSM-5 could label everyday struggles as disorders, leading to overdiagnosis and unnecessary medicalization of normal life challenges.

Neurodevelopmental Disorders

This category includes conditions like intellectual disability, autism spectrum disorder, and communication disorders.

Schizophrenia Spectrum Disorders

Includes conditions with psychosis, characterized by a loss of touch with reality.

Bipolar and Related Disorders

Conditions marked by extreme and unexpected mood swings, going between mania and depression.

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Obsessive-Compulsive and Related Disorders

Conditions that involve repetitive thoughts and behaviors and includes hair-pulling and skin-picking.

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Trauma and Stressor-Related Disorders

Conditions that develop from experiencing extremely stressful or traumatic events, like PTSD.

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Neurocognitive Disorders

Conditions that involve significant cognitive decline, like dementia and delirium.

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Feeding and Eating Disorders

Conditions that involve problems with eating, such as anorexia and bulimia.

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Maladaptive Behavior

A behavior that initially helps but eventually hinders the individual's well-being and daily life.

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Diagnostic Criteria

Specific guidelines for diagnosing a mental disorder based on observable symptoms and behaviors.

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DSM-5

The current guidebook used by mental health professionals to classify and diagnose mental disorders.

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Multi-axial System

An approach used in the DSM-5 to evaluate various factors influencing mental health, including symptoms, social functioning, and medical conditions.

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Symptom

A characteristic thought, action, or feeling that could indicate a mental disorder.

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Syndrome

A group of related symptoms forming a pattern that might indicate a specific mental disorder.

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Clinically Significant Detriment

A mental disorder must cause serious harm or distress to the individual, affecting their well-being and daily functioning.

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Internal Source

The symptoms of a mental disorder must originate from within the person, either biologically or mentally.

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Mental Disorder Criteria

A mental disorder is a pattern of thoughts, feelings, and behaviors that significantly interfere with a person's life. It's typically characterized by distress, dysfunction, and a lack of voluntary control. It's not a simple choice or situational issue.

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What is the DSM-5?

The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 5th Edition (DSM-5) is a guidebook used by clinicians to diagnose mental disorders. It provides a standardized system for classifying and defining different mental health conditions.

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SCID-5

The Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-5 (SCID-5) is a tool used by clinicians to systematically assess symptoms and behaviors, helping them match reported symptoms to specific mental disorders.

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Matching Symptoms to Syndromes

Clinicians examine patterns of symptoms and behaviors reported by individuals, comparing them to the criteria outlined in the DSM-5 to identify potential syndromes or mental health conditions.

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Social Phobia

This disorder involves intense fear and anxiety in social situations, driven by concerns about humiliation or embarrassment. People with this disorder may experience difficulty socializing and participating in social events.

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Conduct Disorder

A condition characterized by persistent rule-breaking and antisocial behavior, often starting during childhood or adolescence. This behavior can include aggression, lying, and stealing.

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DSM-5 Criticism

Some criticize the DSM-5 for being overly broad, potentially pathologizing everyday experiences and leading to overdiagnosis and unnecessary medicalization of normal challenges.

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Insurance and Diagnosis

Many health insurance companies require a diagnosis based on the DSM-5 criteria before they will cover treatment for mental health conditions, highlighting the link between clinical diagnosis and access to care.

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Study Notes

Mental Disorders

  • Psychopathology is a sickness/disorder of the mind
  • One in four Americans over 18 has a diagnosable mental disorder in a year
  • 1 in 5 American adults receives treatment over a two-year period
  • Nearly 1 in 2 people will have a form of mental disorder at some point in life
  • Mood disorders, impulse control disorders, anxiety disorders, and substance abuse are examples of mental disorders.
  • 7% of the US population suffers from seriously severe mental disorders
  • Women are more likely to suffer from mood and anxiety disorders
  • Men are more likely to suffer from antisocial personality disorder and autism
  • Depression is more common in women; this may be due to social roles, coping styles or differences in experience or diagnosis
  • Mental illness is common in life and varies in severity; many people experience symptoms
  • Behaviors that could be part of life vary; behaviors that show a mental disorder differ depending on context
  • Some cultures view behaviors differently
  • In some cases, behaviors are adaptive, but can become maladaptive if they cannot be stopped. This interferes with a person's life.

Diagnosis of Mental Disorders

  • Symptoms must interfere with aspects of a person's life (eg., work, social relations, self care)
  • DSM-5 (Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 5th edition, updated as TR) is the guide for diagnosing mental disorders
  • Early versions focused on the causes of mental disorders, but DSM-III shifted to classifying based on observable symptoms.
  • A patient's diagnosis goes beyond a label; factors on different levels affect mental health
  • The DSM-5 regards mental disorders as analogous to medical diseases; it borrows the terms 'symptom' and 'syndrome' from medicine
  • A symptom is a person's thought, action or feeling that suggests a mental disorder
  • A syndrome is a collection of interrelated symptoms that occur together in a person
  • Three criteria for a disorder: clinically significant detriment, internal origin, and involuntary control

The Diagnostic Process

  • Clinicians gather information from the client about symptoms, thoughts, feelings, and behaviors
  • The SCID-5 (Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-5) is used to evaluate and sort symptoms into potential diagnoses
  • Symptoms are matched to syndromes in the DSM-5
  • 19 clinical syndromes are classified as follows:

Some Specific Syndromes

  • Neurodevelopmental disorders (e.g., intellectual disability, autism)
  • Schizophrenia spectrum and other psychotic disorders (e.g., schizophrenia, delusional disorder)
  • Bipolar and related disorders (e.g., bipolar disorder)
  • Depressive disorders (e.g., major depressive disorder, persistent depressive disorder)
  • Anxiety disorders (e.g., panic disorder, social anxiety disorder, agoraphobia)
  • Obsessive-compulsive disorders (OCD)
  • Trauma- and stressor-related disorders (PTSD)
  • Dissociative disorders (dissociative amnesia, dissociative fugue)
  • Somatic symptom disorders (conversion disorder, somatic symptom disorder)
  • Feeding and eating disorders (anorexia, bulimia)
  • Sleep disorders (insomnia, narcolepsy)
  • Sexual dysfunctions
  • Gender dysphoria
  • Disruptive, impulse-control, and conduct disorders (antisocial personality disorder, conduct disorder)
  • Substance abuse and addictive disorders
  • Neurocognitive disorders (dementia, delirium)
  • Personality disorders
  • Paraphilic disorders.

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Mental Disorders PDF

Description

This quiz explores key concepts and statistics related to mental disorders, including their prevalence and types. It covers important information on how mental illness affects different demographics and the various classifications of these disorders. Test your knowledge on psychopathology and its impact on society.

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