Psychology Emotions and Intelligence Theories

Emotions - Theories

• James-Lange Theory: Stimulating events trigger a physical reaction, which is then labeled as an emotion. For example, seeing a snake causes a fast heart rate, which is then interpreted as fear.

• Cannon-Bard Theory: Emotions and physiological reactions occur simultaneously. Seeing a snake produces both fear and a fast heart rate at the same time.

• Schachter-Singer Two-Factor Theory (or Two-Factor Theory): Physical reactions occur first, then are cognitively labeled and interpreted as a specific emotion. For example, a fast heart rate might be interpreted as fear or excitement depending on the situation.

Intelligence - Gardner's Theory

• Linguistic: Ability to learn, understand, and use spoken and written language. A poet is an example of a person with strong linguistic skills.
• Logical-Mathematical: Analyzing information and solving problems logically and mathematically. An example is an accomplished scientist.
• Musical: Performing, composing, or appreciating music. An example could be a famous composer.
• Bodily-Kinesthetic: Using one's body to solve problems and produce things. An example is a dancer.
• Spatial: Thinking in three-dimensional space to solve problems. An example is an artist.
• Interpersonal: Working well with and understanding others. An example is Mahatma Gandhi.
• Intrapersonal: Understanding your own thoughts, feelings, and motivations. An example is Sigmund Freud.
• Naturalistic: Understanding the natural world, including plants and animals. An example is Charles Darwin.

Memory & Forgetting

• Long-term memory: Stores complex information for extended time periods: Days, months, or years.

• Short-term memory: Information is temporarily stored, for up to 30 seconds. Has a limited storage capacity.

• Explicit memory: Requires conscious effort to recall. For example, studying for an exam takes effort.

• Implicit memory: Recalled unconsciously and effortlessly. For example, humming a song you heard in the past.

• Decay: Memories fade over time.

• Interference: New information disrupts or hinders the recall of old information.

• Repression: Subconsciously blocking out memories to avoid overwhelming emotions.

• Amnesia: Severe memory loss.

  • Retrograde amnesia: Memory loss for events before a traumatic event.
  • Anterograde amnesia: Inability to form new memories after a traumatic event.

Learning - Laws of Learning

• Readiness: Learning occurs when learners are actively engaged and prepared.
• Exercise: Repetition leads to stronger memory.
• Effect: Positive emotional responses during learning make it more effective and lasting.
• Primacy: The first learning experience in a topic is critically important, and is a lasting impression.
• Intensity: The more intense the learning, the stronger and longer it lasts.
• Recency: Recently acquired things are better remembered in the short term.
• Freedom: Learners are more motivated when participating in a lesson without coercion.

Explore the fascinating theories of emotions and intelligence in this quiz. Delve into the James-Lange, Cannon-Bard, and Schachter-Singer theories of emotion, as well as Gardner's multiple intelligences framework. Test your knowledge on how these theories explain human behavior and capabilities.