Psychology: Emerging Adulthood (18-25)
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Questions and Answers

What is a common feature of emerging adulthood?

  • Permanent residency in one location
  • Identity exploration (correct)
  • Settling down in a long-term job
  • Increased reliance on parental support

    • Which age range represents the period of emerging adulthood?

  • 22 to 30 years
  • 18 to 25 years (correct)
  • 26 to 35 years
  • 15 to 20 years

    • What is a common health risk for emerging adults?

  • Increased rate of obesity (correct)
  • Lower incidence of chronic illnesses
  • Lower mortality rates compared to adolescents
  • Reduced mental health issues

    • Which of the following is a marker of becoming an adult?

    <p>Economic independence</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which factor is linked to obesity among emerging adults?

    <p>Excessive screen time</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What psychological disorder is characterized by frequent binge eating without compensatory behavior?

    <p>Binge Eating Disorder (BED)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which exercise strategy can aid in weight loss maintenance?

    <p>Regular daily weigh-ins</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the peak age for physical performance in early adulthood?

    <p>19 to 26 years</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What behavior is associated with binge drinking?

    <p>Drinking five or more drinks in a row within two weeks</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement about casual sexual relationships in emerging adulthood is true?

    <p>Alcohol decreases the likelihood of discussing risks among partners</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What has been a recent trend in the usage of cigarettes among young adults?

    <p>Increased use of e-cigarettes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does socioeconomic status influence casual sexual behavior in emerging adulthood?

    <p>Lower socioeconomic status correlates with more casual partners</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which group is found to have more permissive sexual attitudes?

    <p>African American males compared to non-Latino white males</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is considered a stable sexual orientation among individuals?

    <p>Bisexuality</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following sexually transmitted infections is viral in nature?

    <p>Genital herpes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common psychological effect experienced by victims of rape?

    <p>Substance use</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which mindset suggests that one's qualities are fixed and cannot be changed?

    <p>Fixed mindset</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which factor is NOT commonly considered a determination of sexual orientation?

    <p>Subconscious desires</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does 'grit' refer to in the context of achieving long-term goals?

    <p>Passion and persistence</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do most people perceive their occupational outlook in relation to hard work?

    <p>It can lead to status and security</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which emotional state is NOT typically a stage in postformal thought?

    <p>Stable thinking</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Among college freshmen, what proportion report experiencing date rape or attempted date rape?

    <p>Two-thirds</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary cause of sexually transmitted infections (STIs)?

    <p>Sexual contact</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How often is the U.S. Government Occupational Outlook Handbook revised?

    <p>Every two years</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is an example of extrinsic motivation?

    <p>Completing tasks for a reward</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following characterizes alcohol's relationship to rape incidents?

    <p>It increases the likelihood of rape</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What characteristic is associated with both creativity and productivity in adulthood?

    <p>Peaked performance in the forties</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key characteristic of individuals with a secure attachment style?

    <p>They find it easy to get close to others.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does the matching hypothesis influence partner selection?

    <p>People tend to choose partners similar to their own attractiveness level.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What outcome is associated with the failure to achieve intimacy in early adulthood?

    <p>Increased feelings of social isolation.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What defines passionate love as described in the content?

    <p>An intense emotional experience coupled with strong sexual desire.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of love is characterized by a desire to be close to another person and deep caring affection?

    <p>Affectionate love.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What term is used to describe individuals aged 100 years and older?

    <p>Centenarians</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which theory suggests aging is caused by the accumulation of damage from unstable oxygen molecules?

    <p>Free-radical theory</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary leading cause of death for adults aged 75 and older?

    <p>Cardiovascular disease</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which group of older adults is most vulnerable to osteoporosis?

    <p>Women aged 65 and older</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the term 'allostatic load' refer to?

    <p>The total stress an individual maintains over time</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which brain region shrinks the most with aging and is linked to reduced working memory?

    <p>Prefrontal cortex</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common eye problem affecting older adults that causes cloudy vision?

    <p>Cataracts</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following theories fails to account for cultural influences on aging?

    <p>Evolutionary theory of aging</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is characterized by the generation of new neurons?

    <p>Neurogenesis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is associated with increased risks when combined with multiple medications in older adults?

    <p>Binge drinking</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of love is characterized by the presence of passion, intimacy, and commitment?

    <p>Consummate love</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What concept refers to the belief that the birth of a child will save a failing marriage?

    <p>Parenting myth</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What term describes the communication style historically preferred by men, often focused on delivering information?

    <p>Report talk</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is characterized by hypertension, obesity, and insulin resistance often leading to diabetes?

    <p>Metabolic syndrome</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During middle adulthood, which type of intelligence typically continues to increase?

    <p>Crystallized intelligence</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the midlife transition where fertility declines in both men and women?

    <p>Climacteric</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which factor is NOT a component of Erikson's stage of generativity versus stagnation?

    <p>Maternal instinct</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which psychological concept refers to the likelihood of men engaging in aggressive or socially withdrawn behaviors during stress?

    <p>Fight-or-flight</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What typically characterizes the empty nest syndrome experienced by parents?

    <p>Decrease in marital satisfaction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which stage of adulthood does fluid intelligence often begin to decline?

    <p>Middle adulthood</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which characteristic is often associated with the lesbian population regarding sexual partners?

    <p>Desire for long-term committed relationships</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What health issue affects about 50% of men aged 40 to 70 years?

    <p>Erectile dysfunction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common misconception regarding parenting?

    <p>All children will mirror their parents' behavior</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main component of spirituality in adult lives?

    <p>Experiencing transcendence</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is meant by cognitive mechanics in late adulthood?

    <p>The neurophysiological architecture of the brain</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of memory is most likely to decline as a person ages?

    <p>Episodic memory</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is active euthanasia?

    <p>Inducing death deliberately</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What phenomenon describes the situation when an individual cannot retrieve information despite feeling they should be able to?

    <p>Tip-of-the-tongue (TOT) phenomenon</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is true regarding depression in older adults?

    <p>It is more likely to be chronic when it does occur</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the definition of hospice care?

    <p>Care that provides pain relief and supports dignity in death</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of attention involves planning and monitoring progress during tasks?

    <p>Executive attention</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which is a characteristic of dementia?

    <p>Irreversible decline in mental functions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What primarily contributes to the reminiscence bump in older adults?

    <p>Memories from early adulthood being more vivid</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary focus of palliative care?

    <p>Reducing pain and suffering</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which stage of development do children begin to understand the irreversibility of death?

    <p>Early childhood (4-5 years)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What factor is least likely to contribute to determining a person's sexual orientation?

    <p>Dietary habits</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What cognitive aspect is considered to improve with age, despite the decline of cognitive mechanics?

    <p>Language comprehension</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What kind of stressors does the dual-process model of coping with bereavement emphasize?

    <p>Loss-oriented and restoration-oriented stressors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which sexually transmitted infection is caused by a virus?

    <p>HIV</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which condition is characterized by muscle tremors and slowing of movement, often linked to dementia?

    <p>Parkinson disease</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a prevalent psychological effect experienced by victims of rape?

    <p>Post-traumatic stress disorder</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What term describes the belief that one can master a situation to achieve favorable outcomes?

    <p>Self-efficacy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which mindset encourages personal growth and improvement through effort?

    <p>Growth mindset</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best describes 'grit'?

    <p>Persistent effort towards long-term goals</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one impact of intoxication on the risk of rape?

    <p>Increased risk of aggression</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which aspect of creativity typically peaks in adulthood?

    <p>Artistic productivity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What characteristic is associated with male perpetrators of sexual aggression?

    <p>Sexual narcissism</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does ‘delay of gratification’ involve?

    <p>Refusal to settle for less valuable outcomes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which factor is said to affect the occupational outlook over time?

    <p>Changing economic conditions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is often a barrier to achieving long-term career goals for individuals?

    <p>The career mystique belief</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What percentage of young people have a clear vision of their life goals?

    <p>20%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What contributes to the instability often experienced during emerging adulthood?

    <p>Transitioning between educational institutions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which is a significant health-related behavior that emerging adults are more likely to engage in?

    <p>Health-compromising behaviors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one of the critical roles parents play in preparing adolescents for emerging adulthood?

    <p>Offer guidance and constructive feedback</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What physical change typically begins to occur around age 30?

    <p>Decline in muscle tone and strength</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What peak collectively influences the likelihood of binge drinking among emerging adults?

    <p>Age and social settings</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which approach has shown effectiveness in weight loss maintenance for emerging adults?

    <p>Diet-plus-exercise programs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common psychological outcome associated with adolescents who begin sexual activity at an earlier age?

    <p>Increased engagement in risky sexual behaviors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What term refers to casual sexual relationships characterized by a friendship aspect?

    <p>Friends-with-benefits (FWB)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which factor is associated with increased risk of developing obesity during emerging adulthood?

    <p>Hereditary predisposition</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the average level of physical performance typically reached by early adulthood?

    <p>Between 19 and 26 years of age</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a prominent psychological disorder related to frequent binge eating without compensatory actions?

    <p>Binge Eating Disorder (BED)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which factor underpins the significant rise in cigarette use among young adults?

    <p>Increased stress levels</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a major mental health issue more prevalent among emerging adults compared to adolescents?

    <p>Increased likelihood of mental disorders</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Feeling 'in-between' during emerging adulthood typically reflects which aspect of development?

    <p>Transitioning personal and professional identities</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Emerging Adulthood (18-25)

    • Characterized by exploration and experimentation, particularly in love and work.
    • Marked by instability, self-focus, and a feeling of being "in-between."
    • Parents can guide and prepare adolescents for this stage by providing opportunities for contributions, constructive feedback, and positive adult connections.

    Becoming an Adult

    • Markers include holding a full-time job, economic independence, and responsibility for oneself.
    • Transitioning from high school to college can be challenging, involving increased academic pressure and interactions with diverse peers.

    Physical Development

    • Peak physical performance is typically reached before age 30 (often between 19-26).
    • Muscle tone and strength decline around age 30.
    • Physical health issues increase compared to adolescence.

    Health Concerns in Emerging Adulthood

    • Mortality rate is higher than in adolescence.
    • More chronic health problems emerge.
    • More engagement in health-compromising behaviors (obesity, mental disorders).

    Eating and Weight

    • Obesity is linked to various health issues (hypertension, diabetes, cardiovascular disease) and mental health problems (depression).
    • Factors include heredity and environmental factors (food availability, physical activity).
    • Effective weight management programs involve exercise, planning meals, and daily weigh-ins.
    • Binge eating disorder (BED) is more common in females and involves frequent binge eating without compensatory behaviors.

    Exercise

    • Prevents chronic disorders and improves both physical and mental health (reduces anxiety and depression).
    • Strategies include reducing screen time, charting progress, eliminating excuses, and visualizing the benefits of maintaining health.

    Substance Abuse

    • Addiction involves overwhelming involvement with a drug and preoccupation with securing its supply.
    • Alcohol abuse, including binge drinking (5+ drinks in a row), extreme binge drinking (10-15+ drinks), and pre-gaming, is prevalent and often peaks around 21-22 years of age.
    • Alcoholism involves long-term, uncontrolled, compulsive alcohol use.
    • Cigarette smoking and nicotine use are linked to various health problems and addiction.
    • E-cigarette use is increasing among early adults.
    • Marijuana use, including vaping, is also increasing.

    Sexuality

    • Sexual activity is common in emerging adulthood, with a significant percentage of individuals having sexual intercourse by age 25.
    • Casual sex, hooking up, and friends-with-benefits relationships are relatively common.
    • Factors associated with risky sexual behaviors include male dominance in risk factors, earlier sexual activity, lower educational attainment, and alcohol consumption.

    Sexual Orientation

    • Sexual orientation is on a continuum from exclusive male-female to exclusive same-sex relations.
    • Bisexuality is a stable orientation. Sexual orientation is likely due to a combination of genetic, hormonal, cognitive, and environmental factors.

    Sexually Transmitted Infections (STIs)

    • STIs are prevalent and include bacterial infections (gonorrhea, syphilis, chlamydia) and viral infections (genital herpes, genital warts, HIV).
    • HIV/AIDS is a serious global health concern, with a decline in deaths in the U.S.

    Rape and Forcible Sexual Behavior

    • Rape is a serious issue, with many victims not reporting it.
    • Possible causes include societal factors like harmful gender roles and aggression associated with power.
    • Date or acquaintance rape (coercion by someone known) is common.

    Cognitive Development

    • A "postformal" stage of thinking may follow the formal operational stage. Characteristics of this proposed stage include: reflective, relativistic, contextual, provisional, realistic, and influenced by emotions.
    • Wisdom and meaning are important parts of cognitive development during this period.

    Creativity

    • Creativity peaks in adulthood (often in the 40s).
    • The magnitude of any decline in productivity, variations across creative domains, and individual dissimilarities in lifetime output need careful consideration.

    Achievement

    • Important aspects of achievement from childhood continue through adulthood.
    • Self-efficacy (belief in one's ability to succeed) and a growth mindset (belief in potential for improvement) are linked to achievement.
    • Delay of gratification, intrinsic motivation, using goal-setting, planning, and self-monitoring are strategies for success.

    Grit

    • Grit (passion and persistence) is related to academic engagement and success.

    Careers

    • Individuals often seek career establishment in their 20s.
    • The cultural belief surrounding hard work leading to success may be misleading due to global factors like outsourcing and recession.

    Purpose

    • About 20% of young adults have clear life visions.

    Occupational Outlook

    • The Occupational Outlook Handbook is a helpful resource.
    • Job growth varies by educational need. College degrees are generally better for higher-paying jobs.

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    Description

    Explore the vital stage of emerging adulthood, characterized by exploration, instability, and major life transitions. This quiz delves into physical development, health concerns, and the role of parents in facilitating growth during this phase. Test your understanding of this critical psychological period.

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