Emerging and Early Adulthood Quiz

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Questions and Answers

What significant difference was found regarding emerging adults from lower socioeconomic classes?

  • They experienced lower levels of emotional negativity.
  • They had higher levels of financial support for education.
  • They identified more negativity in their emotional lives. (correct)
  • They reported higher levels of educational attainment.

Which factors have historically marked the transition to adulthood?

  • Graduation, marriage, and parenthood. (correct)
  • Financial independence and job stability.
  • Travel and personal development.
  • Networking and social responsibility.

What is the main focus of emerging adulthood in WEIRD nations?

  • Financial independence and self-responsibility. (correct)
  • Cultural heritage and community involvement.
  • Continued education and lifelong learning.
  • Family obligations and societal roles.

How do individuals in established adulthood differ from emerging adults?

<p>They have long-term intimate partnerships and child-rearing responsibilities. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What did Arnett conclude about emerging adulthood?

<p>It is influenced by social, cultural, and historical contexts. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is one characteristic that distinguishes emerging adults from adolescents?

<p>They can see their parents as individuals, not just parents. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What age group is most likely to report feeling both like an adult and not like an adult?

<p>Emerging adults aged 18-25 (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What best describes the emerging adulthood experience in terms of optimism?

<p>They feel optimistic because their dreams have yet to be challenged. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT typically considered an indicator of adulthood?

<p>Owning a home (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How do emerging adults typically view their past experiences in childhood and adolescence?

<p>They recognize that their childhood choices were influenced by their parents. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary cause of death due to liver disease?

<p>Alcohol abuse (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is ranked just after alcohol abuse as a cause of liver disease?

<p>Hepatitis (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a cause of liver disease mentioned in the content?

<p>Circulatory diseases (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which disease is primarily associated with alcohol abuse leading to liver complications?

<p>Hepatitis (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of liver disease is more commonly associated with obesity?

<p>Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which factor contributes to the risk of liver disease as indicated by the content?

<p>Alcohol consumption levels (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In terms of public health, which of the following is prioritized due to its preventable nature?

<p>Alcohol abuse (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of these is a significant public health concern associated with liver disease?

<p>Alcohol consumption (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What percentage of adults with Alcohol Use Disorder (AUD) received treatment in the past year?

<p>7.9% (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the leading preventable cause of death in the United States?

<p>Tobacco use (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What age range defines emerging adulthood?

<p>18-29 (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which age group has the highest percentage of drug use?

<p>18-25 years (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Approximately what percentage of college students consumed marijuana in 2019?

<p>43% (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which characteristic of emerging adulthood denotes the exploration of personal identity?

<p>Age of identity exploration (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which term best describes the period when many life directions remain open and unresolved?

<p>Emerging adulthood (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What percentage of U.S. adults lived with a mental illness in 2021?

<p>21% (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is identified as a major dynamic characteristic of emerging adulthood by Arnett?

<p>Age of instability (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which drug is reported as used more frequently than tobacco?

<p>Marijuana (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the percentage of adults using opioids?

<p>3.60% (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are individuals in the emerging adulthood phase typically not yet committed to?

<p>Long-term adulthood responsibilities (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What percentage of marijuana users may experience some degree of marijuana use disorder?

<p>30% (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which developmental change is significant for individuals during emerging adulthood?

<p>Transitioning from living with parents to independent living (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a criterion often used to evaluate adulthood?

<p>Having a steady job (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the relationship between emerging adulthood and physical capabilities?

<p>Physical capabilities peak. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What percentage of young men are more likely to be living in the home of another family member or in group quarters compared to young women?

<p>25% (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What contributes significantly to males residing with their parents?

<p>Lack of employment and lower wages (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How has the recent recession impacted early adults' living arrangements?

<p>Increased living with parents (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

At what age are most professional athletes likely to be at their peak performance?

<p>25-34 years (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What characteristic is observed in young adults who live with their parents?

<p>Financial contributions to the household (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following age ranges corresponds to the peak performance in marathon running?

<p>25-34 years (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which reproductive aspect is maximized during early adulthood?

<p>Reproductive system effectiveness (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How has college enrollments during the recession impacted early adults?

<p>Higher tendency to live at home (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What percentage of adults are classified as obese?

<p>41.9% (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary definition of Body Mass Index (BMI)?

<p>Weight in kilograms divided by height in meters squared (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which age group is observed to gain the most weight on average annually?

<p>Adults in their 20s (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a condition associated with obesity?

<p>Asthma (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the estimated annual medical cost of obesity in the United States in 2019 dollars?

<p>$173 billion (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the smoking rate among 18-24 year-olds according to recent data?

<p>7.4% (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which definition is used for heavy alcohol use?

<p>Five or more drinks on one occasion on each of five or more days (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What percentage of adults aged 18 and older report having engaged in binge drinking in the past month?

<p>26.5% (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which statement best describes the concept of the 'glass ceiling'?

<p>It refers to a transparent barrier that prevents women from advancing in their careers. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a significant trend among millennials in the U.S. labor force?

<p>They are more likely to pursue entrepreneurial ventures than previous generations. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which factor is often identified as contributing to the rising number of young adults who are neither working nor learning?

<p>Economic uncertainty and job market instability. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes postformal thought?

<p>It represents a cognitive development beyond adolescence characterized by integrating emotion and logic. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is one key effect of student debt on recent graduates?

<p>It often leads to delayed life milestones such as home ownership. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best illustrates the term 'NEET' within the context of young adults?

<p>Young people not engaged in employment, education, or training. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a primary focus of career development in adulthood, according to systems theory?

<p>Understanding personal development within the context of environmental and social factors. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of the 'millennial' generation in the current labor force?

<p>They represent a growing demographic that is often shifting career paths frequently. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

High Frequency of Change in Emerging Adults

Emerging adults are more likely to change jobs, relationships, and residences compared to other age groups. This period of life allows them to explore various opportunities and make decisions based on their personal growth and aspirations.

Self-Focus in Emerging Adulthood

Emerging adulthood is a time of self-discovery and focus on personal growth. This doesn't mean being self-centered; it involves prioritizing personal aspirations without neglecting the feelings of others.

Feeling in-between in Emerging Adulthood

Emerging adults often experience a sense of in-betweenness. They have transitioned from adolescence but haven't fully achieved all the markers of adulthood. They might feel independent in some aspects but still rely on their parents in others.

Optimism in Emerging Adulthood

Emerging adults tend to have an optimistic outlook. They believe that they can achieve their goals and dreams, even if they haven't yet experienced all the challenges life might throw their way.

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Breaking Free from Past Influences in Emerging Adulthood

Emerging adulthood offers a chance to break free from past influences and create a new path. It allows individuals to make independent choices and move beyond the limitations of their upbringing.

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Emerging Adulthood

A period between adolescence and adulthood, characterized by exploration, identity formation, and instability, often marked by a stage of postponing traditional adult roles like marriage and parenthood.

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Socioeconomic Status and Emerging Adulthood

The socioeconomic status of a person, including their income, education, and occupation, can influence their experiences and choices during emerging adulthood.

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Markers of Adulthood

The process of becoming an adult in modern western societies, with increased emphasis on self-reliance, financial independence, and personal responsibility.

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Established Adulthood

The time period between age 30 and 50, marked by significant changes in career, relationships, and family, often a period of settling into a stable adult life.

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Moratorium of Emerging Adulthood

The ability to take time to explore options, pursue passions, and delay commitments, which is a characteristic of emerging adulthood.

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What is BMI?

A measurement of body weight in relation to height, used to categorize individuals as overweight, obese, or extremely obese.

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What is obesity?

A condition characterized by an excessive accumulation of body fat, leading to increased risks for various health issues.

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What is extreme obesity?

A type of obesity with a BMI of 40 or higher, indicating significantly increased health risks.

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What is the leading preventable cause of death in the US?

The leading preventable cause of disease and death in the United States, responsible for over 480,000 deaths annually.

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What is heavy drinking?

Consuming five or more drinks on the same occasion, five or more days within a month.

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What is Alcohol Use Disorder?

A chronic condition characterized by a strong urge to drink alcohol, difficulty controlling intake, and withdrawal symptoms when abstinence occurs.

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What is emerging adulthood?

The period between ages 18 to 24, often marked by exploration, instability, and identity formation.

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What is the estimated annual medical cost of obesity in the US?

The estimated annual medical cost of obesity in the United States was nearly $173 billion in 2019 dollars.

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Physiological Peak in Early Adulthood

Young adults between 25 and 34 years old experience peak physiological performance, including enhanced muscle strength, reaction time, sensory abilities, and cardiac functioning. This age group also sees optimal reproductive system functioning, motor skills, strength, and lung capacity.

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Delayed Marriage in Young Adults

A trend where young adults, especially males, are delaying marriage or choosing to stay single or cohabitate, has contributed to the increase of early adults living at home.

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Economic Factors and Living Arrangements

The economic downturn and subsequent recovery in the late 2000s have led to a rise in early adults living with their parents due to factors like job instability, lower wages, and college enrollment increases.

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Declining Wages of Young Men

Lower wages among young men, especially compared to previous generations, have contributed to a higher likelihood of them living at home.

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Living with Parents and Finances

While young adults living with parents experience lower poverty rates, they often contribute financially to the household and benefit their parents in return.

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College Degree and Living Independence

Young adults with a college degree are more likely to establish their own households compared to those without a college degree.

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Living Arrangements for Young Men and Women

Young men are more likely to live in non-traditional housing situations like with family members, non-relatives, or in group quarters compared to young women.

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Peak Sports Performance in Early Adulthood

The age group of 25-34 years shows the highest performance levels for both men and women in various sports like swimming, running, cycling, and baseball.

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Treatment Rate for AUD

About 7.9% of adults who experienced Alcohol Use Disorder (AUD) in the past year sought professional help.

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Prevalence of Mental Illness

A significant portion of the U.S. population, over 20%, lives with a diagnosable mental illness.

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Alcohol's Impact on Mortality

Alcohol-related deaths are the third-leading preventable cause of death in the United States, following tobacco and poor diet/inactivity.

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Peak Drug Use Age

Drug use peaks during the 18-25 age group, with 39% of individuals in this demographic reporting use.

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Drug Use by Gender

The majority of Americans who use illicit drugs or misused prescription drugs within the past year are men. Roughly 22% of men compared to 17% of women.

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Most Popular Drug After Alcohol

Marijuana is the most commonly used drug besides alcohol.

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Marijuana Use Among College Students

About 43% of college students reported using marijuana in 2019, the highest rate since 1983.

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Marijuana Use Disorder Prevalence

Approximately 30% of marijuana users may experience some degree of marijuana use disorder.

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Alcohol and Liver Disease

The consumption of alcohol is a major risk factor for developing liver disease, leading to death in a significant number of cases.

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Hepatitis and Liver Disease

Hepatitis, a viral infection that inflames the liver, is another important factor contributing to liver-related deaths.

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Obesity and Liver Disease

Excess body weight and obesity are strongly linked to liver disease, contributing to a significant number of deaths.

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Identity Exploration

A key feature of emerging adulthood, where individuals actively explore various aspects of their lives, including their career, values, and relationships. This exploration can lead to changes in life choices and a sense of uncertainty.

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Age of Instability

A characteristic of emerging adulthood, characterized by frequent changes in living situations, jobs, and relationships. This fluidity allows for exploration and adjustment as individuals gain experience and discover their priorities.

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Physiologic Peak

The peak point of physical capabilities and performance, reached typically in early adulthood. This stage is often associated with optimal strength, stamina, and physical abilities.

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Prevalent Chronic Illnesses in Early Adulthood

Chronic illnesses that are most commonly experienced by individuals in early adulthood. These can include conditions like obesity, mental health disorders, and chronic pain.

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Top Causes of Death in Early Adulthood

The top 11 leading causes of death in individuals between the ages of 18 and 45. Accidents remain a significant factor, along with suicide, homicide, and certain diseases.

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Criteria for Adulthood

The transition to adulthood as defined by societal norms and expectations. Key markers include financial independence, personal responsibility, and the ability to make independent decisions.

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NEET (Not in Education, Employment, or Training)

A term that refers to individuals who are not in employment, education, or training. This may include people who are unemployed, have dropped out of school, or are unable to find work.

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The Glass Ceiling

A societal barrier that prevents women and other minority groups from advancing to higher levels of leadership and management in the workplace.

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Study Notes

Emerging and Early Adulthood: Physical Development

  • Emerging adulthood spans from approximately 18 (the end of adolescence) to 45 (beginning of middle adulthood).
  • Recently, developmentalists have divided this age range into two stages: Emerging adulthood (ages 18-29) and established adulthood (ages 30-45).
  • This period (18-45) is characterized by peak physical capabilities, the development of mature cognitive abilities, financial independence, and intimate relationships.
  • This period has seen an increased tendency for individuals to postpone settling into more 'adult' commitments, such as marriage, career choice, and childbearing.

Emerging Adulthood Defined

  • Emerging adulthood is the period between the late teens and late twenties, ages 18-29.
  • Emerging adulthood is distinct from both adolescence and adulthood.
  • Individuals in this age period show reduced dependence compared to childhood and adolescence but have not fully embraced the responsibilities of adulthood.
  • This is a period of exploration where individuals can change directions and explore potential life paths.
  • Emerging adulthood is characterized by five key features:
    • Identity exploration
    • Instability
    • Self-focus
    • Feeling in-between
    • Possibilities
  • Individuals moving into this stage tend to be more considerate of others and their needs.
  • This does not preclude self-focus as they feel less obligated to others than adolescents.

Established Adulthood

  • Individuals between 30 and 50 are considered in established adulthood.
  • This age group differs from emerging adults in terms of career development, intimate partnerships, and child rearing.
  • They are typically in the peak of their social and professional life.
  • They are completing education, forming partnerships, and raising families.
  • This period is marked by the greater commitment to a career, family, and relationships.

The Physiological Peak

  • Early to mid-twenties marks the peak of physical development for most individuals.
  • Includes muscle strength, reaction time, sensory ability, and cardiac function.
  • Individuals in this age range are typically healthier compared to earlier and later stages of life.
  • In this peak, athletes and peak physical performance are highly prevalent within this age group.

Chronic Illnesses in Young Adults

  • Prevalence of chronic conditions in 18-34 year olds is notable, with obesity, depression and high blood pressure being prominent examples.
  • These conditions often have root causes like lifestyle choices made during adolescence and early adulthood.
  • It is crucial to address these issues actively with appropriate interventions to improve and maintain health.
  • Chronic illnesses, such as high blood pressure, are often more prevalent for individuals in this age range than for those in other life stages due to factors such as lifestyle and genetics.

Causes of Death in Young Adults (25-44 years)

  • Accidents are the leading cause of death.
  • Poisoning from opioid overdoses ranks high among accidental deaths..
  • Significant proportions of deaths are attributed to heart disease, suicide, cancer, and homicides.
  • COVID-19 was among the top 10 prevailing causes during this period, which is noteworthy given the demographic.
  • Causes of death like accidents and overdoses can relate to societal trends and experiences at the time.

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