Psychology Chapter 10: Emerging Adulthood
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Questions and Answers

This couple is in Murstein's which phase of romantic relationships?

  • Role phase
  • Stimulus
  • Value-comparison (correct)

    • List ways in which Catherine is somewhat wrong regarding relationships.

    People with dominant personalities might benefit from more submissive mates. Respecting a partner's personality is more important than being alike in every attribute. It's better to find a mate who aligns with one's ideal self rather than a clone.

    Match the attachment status of each person:

    Kita = Preoccupied Rena = Avoidant-dismissive Sam = Secure

    What is the goal of Chapter 10?

    <p>Emerging Adulthood; this chapter tackles the challenges of making it to full adulthood.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What ages are defined as emerging adulthood?

    <p>Roughly 18-late 20s.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What describes emerging adults?

    <p>They often are 'not quite ready' to settle down, feeling financially or emotionally insecure.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why did emerging adulthood come to be?

    <p>It was made possible by dramatic longevity gains in the twentieth century, requiring more education and individuality.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the differences between emerging adulthood in Europe and the US?

    <p>In Southern Europe, cohabitation is common, while Northern Europe has better economies and safety nets.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Leaving the nest produces better parent-child relationships.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    If our passage matches up with the normal timetable in our culture, we are defined as ____; if not, we are ____.

    <p>on time; off time.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What question is typically asked when predicting a student's social clock?

    <p>Is having a family your main passion?</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a problem with emerging adulthood being shaped by individual priorities?

    <p>Our personal social-clock agendas are not totally under our control.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Most emerging adults are optimistic about their futures, but emotional distress can be intense, especially in their first year of college.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which twenty-something person is least likely to be in the nest?

    <p>Silvia who lives in Stockholm</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Staying in the nest during the twenties today is typically a symptom of a child's refusing to grow up.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which prediction about Sarah's future is NOT safe?

    <p>Sarah's pathway to adulthood will flow smoothly, with steady, predictable steps forward.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who is most likely to worry about a social-clock issue?

    <p>Martha, age 50, who wants to apply to nursing school.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Young patients discovered by Erik Erikson suffered from a problem he labeled ____: They had no sense of any adult path.

    <p>role confusion.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the identity statuses with their descriptions:

    <p>Identity diffusion = Young people drifting aimlessly toward adulthood without any goals. Identity foreclosure = A person adopts an identity without self-exploration. Moratorium = Engaged in the search for an adult self. Identity achievement = The end point after critical self-reflection.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a criticism of Marcia's belief regarding identity statuses?

    <p>It's not that simple; many people move backward and forwards through these stages.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In some studies, an alarming ____ in 4 undergraduates is locked in diffusion.

    <ol> <li></li> </ol> Signup and view all the answers

    What are possible problems with moratorium?

    <p>Anxiously obsessing about possibilities causes more distress.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What issues might some people face with ethnic identity?

    <p>They may develop dual minority and mainstream identities or reject one identity in favor of another.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Identifying with one's ethnicity is correlated with a host of positive attributes.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Having a biracial or bicultural background pushes people to think in more creative ways about life.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one sign that an ethnic minority young person has the skills to reach out in love?

    <p>Firmly connecting with mainstream culture while being proud of their heritage.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What identity status does Emma show symptoms of?

    <p>Drifting; which is a sign of diffusion.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Joe wants to be a lawyer while Kayla is obsessively searching for her career path. What are their identity statuses?

    <p>Joe's status is foreclosure, and Kayla's is moratorium.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the correct question to ask Clara about her feelings towards nursing school?

    <p>Do you feel nursing expresses your inner self?</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Confronting the challenge of a biracial or multiracial identity tends to make people think in more rigid ways.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the definition of ideal mental health, according to Sigmund Freud?

    <p>'The ability to love and work.'</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Almost every teenager expects to go to college.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Self-esteem rises dramatically during the first semester of college.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What term describes efficacious teens who manage multiple responsibilities?

    <p>Workers.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Executive functions, or maturity, are credited to the fully developed ____ ____.

    <p>frontal lobes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is absorption flow?

    <p>When deeply connecting with people or tasks, leading to an altered state of consciousness.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Some people experience flow multiple times a day.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    For students beginning at four-year institutions, the odds of graduating are about ____ in 5.

    <ol start="3"> <li></li> </ol> Signup and view all the answers

    The main reason for dropping out of school is that the courses are too difficult.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The only purpose of going to college is to find a career.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How to make college a flow zone?

    <p>Get involved in campus activities, connect classes to careers, and resist grouping with only similar peers.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What might your cousin predict about her expectations for college work?

    <p>Overly high expectations.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which factor is least likely to predict Juan's high self-esteem?

    <p>Juan puts off having a close love relationship.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What experience is Hannah describing when she feels energized during busy restaurant work?

    <p>Flow.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What might Josiah argue about why his classmates drop out of college?

    <p>Prior academic performance predicts college completion.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What might Jocasta reply regarding the reasons for dropping out?

    <p>Financial issues are the main reason for leaving.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which piece of advice should you not give Juan as he enters college?

    <p>Search for friends who share the same ideas.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Online marriages are more likely to be happy than traditional marriages.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    People are delaying serious love commitments.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What motivates young people in Argentina regarding relationships?

    <p>A passion to find love in their early twenties.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Having casual sexual encounters is risk-free for mental health.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    One-night stands typically have fewer mental health downsides for men than for women.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the phases of Murstein's theory for finding satisfying love:

    <p>Stimulus phase = Initial attraction to a potential partner. Value comparison phase = Matching up inner qualities and values. Role phase = Working out a shared life together.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Murstein's theory suggests opposites attract.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the adult attachment styles with their characteristics:

    <p>Preoccupied/ambivalent = Needy and requiring reassurance. Avoidant/dismissive = Aloof and emotionally distant. Securely attached = Capable of genuine intimacy.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which attachment style is more likely to have affairs?

    <p>Avoidant/dismissive.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What statements should Latoya make about relationship changes?

    <p>Same-sex relationships are more acceptable.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Today, relatively ____ single people are open to internet dating.

    <p>many.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Online relationships are ____ apt to be successful than traditional relationships.

    <p>more.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Chapter 10: Early and Middle Adulthood Overview

    • Emerging adulthood spans from approximately 18 to late 20s, characterized by variability influenced by cultural and individual goals.
    • Nest-leaving marks the beginning of this stage; identity achievement is its conclusion.

    Features of Emerging Adulthood

    • Emerging adults often feel unprepared to settle down and may lack financial and emotional security.
    • This demographic often explores different life paths, including employment and relationships.

    Cultural Differences in Emerging Adulthood

    • In Southern Europe, cohabitation before serious commitment is common, with independence typically delayed until finding a stable partner.
    • Northern European countries like Scandinavia support young adults living together and having children outside marriage, given strong social safety nets.
    • The U.S. presents a mix of both realities.

    Social Clock and Age Norms

    • Aligning with cultural timelines defines an individual as 'on time'; being out of sync is seen as 'off time.'
    • In Europe, the average marriage age is in the late 20s/early 30s, while in China, marrying earlier is expected.

    Optimism and Emotional Challenges

    • Most emerging adults remain optimistic about their futures, though the first year of college can be emotionally distressing.

    IdentityFormation Theories

    • Erik Erikson identified role confusion in youth lacking direction.
    • James Marcia established four identity statuses: diffusion, foreclosure, moratorium, and achievement.
    • Individuals may move flexibly between these identity states rather than following a linear pathway.

    Identity and Ethnic Challenges

    • Ethnic identity can exhibit duality, as individuals navigate between minority and mainstream identities.
    • Positive ethnic identification correlates with resilience and protects against depression.

    Academic Expectations and College Dynamics

    • Many high school graduates hold unrealistic expectations regarding college success.
    • Graduation rates differ significantly between four-year and community colleges; socioeconomic factors heavily influence these outcomes.

    Flow Experiences

    • 'Flow' occurs during deeply engaging tasks, providing heightened engagement and joy—intrinsic motivation is key to experiencing flow.

    Relationships and Attachment Styles

    • Murstein’s stimulus-value-role theory illustrates that finding a satisfying love involves stages, and similarly, attachment styles can influence relationship dynamics:
      • Securely attached individuals typically maintain healthy, loving relationships.
      • Avoidant/dismissive types struggle with closeness and have a tendency towards infidelity.
      • Preoccupied individuals exhibit clinginess and jealousy in relationships.

    Shifts in Social Norms

    • Increased acceptance of interracial relationships and same-sex partnerships reflects evolving societal norms.
    • The rise of online dating suggests a growing openness to alternative forms of relationship building, often leading to greater success than traditional approaches.

    Conclusion

    • College serves multiple purposes beyond mere career preparation, fostering personal and intellectual growth.
    • Success in relationships hinges on understanding personal attachment styles and the complexities of identity formation during emerging adulthood.

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    Description

    Explore the complex stages of emerging adulthood covered in Chapter 10, from identity challenges to cultural variances. This chapter examines how different societies influence life choices and the concept of the social clock. Test your understanding of this crucial developmental phase and its impact on young adults.

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