Psychology: Correlations vs. Experiments

Study Notes

Key Differences Between Correlations and Experiments

Correlations do not establish cause-and-effect; experiments can determine causal relationships.

Limitations of Correlational Studies

Correlational studies fail to explain the reason behind the relationship between co-variables.

Cautions Regarding Correlations

Outliers can skew correlation coefficients, making results less reliable.
Smaller sample sizes may not accurately reflect broader populations.

When to Exercise Caution with Correlations

Extreme caution is advised when the sample size is fewer than 100 participants.

Interpretation Options for Correlations

Possible interpretations include:
- A direct cause-and-effect relationship.
- The influence of a third variable affecting both co-variables.
- A mere chance occurrence due to randomness.

Cause and Effect Explanation

Researchers may assume a direct causal link between two variables, yet correlation alone does not validate this assumption.

Third Variable Explanation

A third variable may influence the relationship between two measured variables, such as hard work leading to both better grades and higher income.

Chance Relationship

Some correlations may arise purely by chance, particularly in larger sample sizes, leading to statistical anomalies.

Description

Explore the key differences between correlational studies and experiments in psychology. This quiz will guide you through the limitations, cautions, and interpretation options of correlations, helping you understand the importance of establishing causal relationships in research.