Psychology Conditioning Flashcards

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Questions and Answers

What is classical conditioning?

An event that stops a behavior

Learning new associations by pairing two stimuli (correct)

Encouraging a behavior to happen again

Repeating behaviors based on outcome

What is operant conditioning?

Pairing stimuli

Repeating behaviors based on outcome (correct)

Creating likelihood of punishment

Learning new associations

What is punishment in behavioral terms?

An event that creates likelihood that a behavior will be stopped.

Define reinforcement.

An event that encourages behavior to happen again. Signup and view all the answers

What is shaping?

Giving reinforcement to the smaller behaviors that eventually make up the new behavior. Signup and view all the answers

What is a stimulus?

Anything that causes a response. Signup and view all the answers

Who is Edward Thorndike?

He worked with cats to practice operant conditioning. Signup and view all the answers

Positive reinforcement _________ a behavior by giving you something.

increases Signup and view all the answers

Negative reinforcement _________ a behavior by taking something away.

increases Signup and view all the answers

Jackson is an aggressive little kid, and his mom wants him to stop banging his trucks against the furniture. What is this an example of?

Negative punishment Signup and view all the answers

Jakob loves to run and keeps this habit because of the outcome he gets each time. What does this demonstrate?

Jakob is operantly conditioned. Signup and view all the answers

The example of learning to write shows that with a little help, most people can have their behavior ________.

shaped Signup and view all the answers

_____ involve(s) the likelihood of increasing behavior.

Positive and negative reinforcement Signup and view all the answers

Brandon gets headaches frequently but knows a cold cloth on his head makes him feel better. This is an example of _____.

Negative reinforcement Signup and view all the answers

What is the practical use of classical conditioning?

All are examples of uses for classical conditioning. Signup and view all the answers

Classical conditioning requires _______.

the pairing of two stimuli Signup and view all the answers

How can you make a dog drool at the sound of a bell? Pair the sound of the bell with the sight of some food and _____.

then eventually remove the food but keep the sound of the bell. Signup and view all the answers

What is shaping behavior?

Rewarding any behavior that comes close to the desired behavior. Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Conditioning Concepts

Classical Conditioning: Learning occurs through pairing two stimuli to form new associations.
Operant Conditioning: Behavior is influenced by consequences, leading to the repetition of actions based on outcomes.

Behavioral Mechanisms

Punishment: An event designed to decrease the likelihood of a behavior recurring.
Reinforcement: Promotes the likelihood of a behavior being repeated.

Behavioral Techniques

Shaping: Involves reinforcing successive approximations to reach a desired behavior.
Stimulus: Anything that elicits a response from an organism.

Key Figures in Conditioning

Edward Thorndike: Pioneered operant conditioning experiments using cats to demonstrate behavior training.

Reinforcement Types

Positive Reinforcement: Increases behavior by providing a desirable stimulus.
Negative Reinforcement: Increases behavior by removing an aversive stimulus.

Applications of Conditioning

Negative Punishment: Loss of privileges to reduce unwanted behavior (e.g., playtime lost for inappropriate actions).
Operant Conditioning Example: Jakob develops a running habit due to the positive feelings (runner's high) following the activity.

Learning and Behavior Modification

Behavior Shaping: With assistance, behaviors can be molded towards desired outcomes.
Use of Reinforcement: Both positive and negative reinforcement contribute to the likelihood of behavior repetition.

Practical Use of Classical Conditioning

Effective in dog training, dietary habits, and housetraining pets.

Mechanisms of Classical Conditioning

Requires the pairing of two stimuli to form a learned response.
Example of conditioning a dog to drool involves associating a bell sound with food and eventually removing the food while retaining the response to the bell.

Shaping Behavior Technique

Rewarding behaviors that gradually approach the desired outcome is essential for effective behavior modification.

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Description

Test your knowledge of key concepts in psychology, focusing on conditioning theories. This quiz covers classical and operant conditioning, along with essential terms like punishment, reinforcement, and shaping. Perfect for students looking to strengthen their understanding of behavioral psychology.