Psychology Concepts Quiz
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Questions and Answers

What is the definition of confirmation bias?

  • The tendency to favor information that contradicts existing beliefs.
  • The tendency to believe in multiple outcomes after they have occurred.
  • The tendency to favor information that confirms existing beliefs. (correct)
  • The ability to make accurate predictions about future events.

    • Which of the following statements best describes the scientific method?

  • A method that only uses qualitative data to answer research questions.
  • A random process that does not require a hypothesis.
  • A systematic approach where a hypothesis is formulated and empirically tested. (correct)
  • A subjective approach to research based on personal experiences.

    • What does it mean for a hypothesis to be falsifiable?

  • It must be capable of being disproved by experimental results. (correct)
  • It must have a basis in qualitative data only.
  • It cannot be tested under any circumstances.
  • It is a statement that is universally accepted without question.

    • What is the primary goal of peer review in research?

    <p>To evaluate proposals by experts in the appropriate field.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What kind of data do Likert scales typically measure?

    <p>Quantitative data through numerical ratings.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is naturalistic observation primarily concerned with?

    <p>Observing subjects in their natural environment.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which term best describes the tendency to give socially accepted responses in surveys?

    <p>Social desirability bias.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does reliability in research refer to?

    <p>The consistency of a study or measuring instrument.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which best defines qualitative data?

    <p>Descriptive data derived from observations and interviews.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of research methodology primarily studies relationships between two variables?

    <p>Correlational research.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Psychology

    • Psychology is the science of the mind and behaviour.

    Confirmation Bias

    • People tend to favour information that confirms their existing beliefs.

    Hindsight Bias

    • People tend to believe, after learning an outcome, that they would have foreseen it.

    Overconfidence

    • People often overestimate the accuracy of their beliefs and judgements.

    Empirical Evidence

    • Information acquired through observation or experimentation.

    Scientific Method

    • A systematic approach to research:
      • Identifying a problem
      • Gathering relevant data
      • Formulating a hypothesis
      • Empirically testing the hypothesis

    Hypothesis

    • A testable prediction often implied by a theory

    Falsifiable

    • Able to be disproved by experimental results

    Peer Review

    • A process where experts in a field evaluate proposed research or publications.

    Replication

    • Repeating a study with the same methods to see if the results can be consistently reproduced.

    Reliability

    • The consistency of a research study or measuring test.

    Validity

    • The extent to which a test measures or predicts what it is supposed to.

    American Psychological Association (APA)

    • A professional organization representing psychologists in the US.

    Quantitative Data

    • Information about quantities:
      • Measurable
      • Expressed with numbers

    Qualitative Data

    • Descriptive information:
      • Often obtained from interviews, focus groups, or artistic depictions.

    Likert Scales

    • Psychometric scales used in questionnaires:
      • Widely used in survey research

    Structured Interviews

    • Quantitative research method:
      • Interviewer uses a set of questions in a specific sequence

    Survey Technique

    • A research technique where information is collected from a sample of individuals through their responses to questions.

    Wording Effect

    • The effect that question phrasing and order have on survey data.

    Social Desirability Bias

    • A tendency to give socially approved answers to questions about oneself.

    Naturalistic Observation

    • Observing subjects in their natural environment without manipulation or control by the researcher.

    Case Study

    • An in-depth study of a single person, group, event, or community.

    Correlational Research

    • A type of non-experimental research method:
      • Studies the relationship between two variables using statistical analysis.

    Third Variable Problem

    • A potential confounding variable in correlational research:
      • A third, unmeasured factor may be responsible for the observed relationship between two variables.

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    AP Psychology Notes PDF

    Description

    Test your knowledge on key psychology concepts such as confirmation bias, hindsight bias, overconfidence, and the scientific method. This quiz will challenge your understanding of how these principles apply to research and behavior in psychology.

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