Psychology Concepts Quiz

Psychology

• Psychology is the science of the mind and behaviour.

Confirmation Bias

• People tend to favour information that confirms their existing beliefs.

Hindsight Bias

• People tend to believe, after learning an outcome, that they would have foreseen it.

Overconfidence

• People often overestimate the accuracy of their beliefs and judgements.

Empirical Evidence

• Information acquired through observation or experimentation.

Scientific Method

• A systematic approach to research:
  • Identifying a problem
  • Gathering relevant data
  • Formulating a hypothesis
  • Empirically testing the hypothesis

Hypothesis

• A testable prediction often implied by a theory

Falsifiable

• Able to be disproved by experimental results

Peer Review

• A process where experts in a field evaluate proposed research or publications.

Replication

• Repeating a study with the same methods to see if the results can be consistently reproduced.

Reliability

• The consistency of a research study or measuring test.

Validity

• The extent to which a test measures or predicts what it is supposed to.

American Psychological Association (APA)

• A professional organization representing psychologists in the US.

Quantitative Data

• Information about quantities:
  • Measurable
  • Expressed with numbers

Qualitative Data

• Descriptive information:
  • Often obtained from interviews, focus groups, or artistic depictions.

Likert Scales

• Psychometric scales used in questionnaires:
  • Widely used in survey research

Structured Interviews

• Quantitative research method:
  • Interviewer uses a set of questions in a specific sequence

Survey Technique

• A research technique where information is collected from a sample of individuals through their responses to questions.

Wording Effect

• The effect that question phrasing and order have on survey data.

Social Desirability Bias

• A tendency to give socially approved answers to questions about oneself.

Naturalistic Observation

• Observing subjects in their natural environment without manipulation or control by the researcher.

Case Study

• An in-depth study of a single person, group, event, or community.

Correlational Research

• A type of non-experimental research method:
  • Studies the relationship between two variables using statistical analysis.

Third Variable Problem

• A potential confounding variable in correlational research:
  • A third, unmeasured factor may be responsible for the observed relationship between two variables.

Test your knowledge on key psychology concepts such as confirmation bias, hindsight bias, overconfidence, and the scientific method. This quiz will challenge your understanding of how these principles apply to research and behavior in psychology.