Psychology Chapter Concepts Quiz

<p>Availability Heuristic. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It can lead to generalizations based on assumptions. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The scientific study of the mind, brain, and behavior (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>We believe that our perception of the world is a complete and accurate representation of reality. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Human behavior is generally predictable based on past experiences. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The bidirectional influence between individuals and their environment. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Emic focuses on the cultural context, while etic focuses on universal human behaviors. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Theories are merely educated guesses that have not been tested. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The tendency to only seek evidence that supports our existing beliefs. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It relies on objective evidence and rigorous testing. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It is a highly controlled research method. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It offers high generalizability to real-world settings. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A test can be reliable but not valid. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Participants may be influenced by the halo effect. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Negative correlation (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Overconfidence bias (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Proving a theory with absolute certainty (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They cannot establish cause-and-effect relationships. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Comparing the effectiveness of two different types of therapy for depression. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Measure the same group of participants under multiple conditions. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Participants in the control group are more motivated than those in the experimental group. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It ensures that the researcher is not aware of which participants are in each group. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Maximizing the number of participants in the study for statistical power. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Descriptive statistics involve summarizing data, while inferential statistics draw conclusions about a population. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The observed difference is unlikely to have occurred by chance. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The researcher's findings are presented at a scientific conference. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Reading faster generally leads to worse comprehension, but only up to a certain point. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It utilizes prior knowledge and experiences. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It is essential to ignore our emotions when evaluating scientific evidence. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The inability to see alternative uses for an object. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A specific series of steps used to solve a particular problem. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The mind operates like a computer. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Because intelligence is a complex concept that cannot be easily defined. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Top-Down Processing relies on prior knowledge, while Bottom-Up Processing is driven by sensory input. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Sensory capacities, while mildly linked, show a weak correlation with intelligence scores. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Intelligence is fundamentally tied to the ability to learn and apply new knowledge, adapt to novel situations, and benefit from past experiences. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A general intelligence factor underlying performance on a wide range of cognitive tasks. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Emotional (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It lacks empirical support, specifically regarding whether these intelligences are truly independent. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Intelligence consists of three distinct and unrelated forms of intelligence: analytical, practical, and creative. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It is difficult to measure and assess practical intelligence, making it hard to test the theory's validity. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Brain volume may be a contributing factor to intelligence, but other factors are likely involved. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The scientific study of the mind, brain, and behavior.

Believing the world is exactly as we perceive it, disregarding subjective interpretation.

Different perspectives from which to study behavior: social, psychological, biological.

The concept that individuals influence each other’s behavior and attitudes.

An explanation for a wide range of potential observations that can lead to testable predictions.

The tendency to search for, interpret, and remember information in a way that confirms one's beliefs.

Holding onto initial beliefs despite contradicting evidence.

Claims that appear scientific but are not supported by reliable evidence or robust testing.

A technique allowing non-verbal children with autism to communicate through support.

A surgical procedure severing connections between the frontal lobe and thalamus for severe mental disorders.

Fast, instinctive, and emotional thought process.

Judging the frequency of events based on how easily examples come to mind.

Failing to consider general statistical information in judgment.

Systematic errors in thinking affecting conclusions.

Belief that past events were predictable after they happen.

Overestimating our ability to make correct predictions.

Watching behavior in real-world settings without interference.

Extent to which a measure assesses what it claims to measure.

Consistency of measurement over time or among raters.

Examine the association between two variables.

Assess characteristics through individual responses.

Reading faster than normal but often sacrificing comprehension.

Cognitive processing that uses existing knowledge to interpret information.

Cognitive processing that starts with sensory input and builds to perception.

Selecting from multiple options based on reasoning or frameworks.

Creating strategies to solve specific challenges, often using algorithms.

Trouble seeing different uses for an object or concept, hindering problem solving.

A term describing how humans tend to conserve mental energy by relying on shortcuts.

The lack of consensus on defining intelligence.

Intelligence is linked to better sensory capacities, leading to more knowledge.

The first intelligence test, assessing reasoning, understanding, and judgment.

A concept developed by Spearman representing overall intellectual capability.

Ability to learn new problem-solving skills and adapt to novel situations.

Accumulated knowledge and skills from experience over time.

Theory proposing various types of intelligences, including linguistic and musical.

Sternberg's theory that includes analytical, practical, and creative intelligence.

Moderate correlation between brain volume and IQ, not necessarily direct causation.

Group that receives the manipulation in an experiment.

Group that does not receive the manipulation in an experiment.

The variable that is manipulated to observe its effect.

The variable that is measured to assess the effect of the independent variable.

Improvement resulting from the expectation of improvement.

The likelihood that a finding is not due to chance, typically less than 5%.

A process where research is evaluated by experts before publication.

Numerical characteristics that summarize the data's nature.