Khan Psychology p 151-160 Concepts and Theories Quiz

<p>Pleasure Principle (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>An unconscious process of pushing thoughts down (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>By gaining personal satisfaction through helping others (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A focus on long-term rewards and sacrifices (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Eros Drive (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Learned behavior patterns (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Operant conditioning (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They are completely disregarded. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>As stable predispositions toward certain behaviors (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They direct most of a person's activities. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Surface traits are evident behaviors, while source traits are underlying factors. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>PEN (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Four-letter acronyms characterizing traits (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Secondary traits (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Thinking as a behavior (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Neuroticism (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Behaviors are entirely dictated by the environment. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Raymond Cattell (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Aggressiveness (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Central traits are less dominant than cardinal traits. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Being practical versus imaginative (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Learning-Performance Distinction (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Repression (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Pretending something hasn't happened (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Projection (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Indirect resistance to demands (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Creating excuses to justify failures (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Separating thoughts from feelings (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Immature (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Obsessive-Compulsive and Related Disorders (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Substance-Related and Addictive Disorders (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Cluster B (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Symptoms causing distress without a medical cause (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Disruptive, Impulse-Control, and Conduct Disorders (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Dissociative Disorders (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Feeding and Eating Disorders (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Inappropriate urination or defecation (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>There must be distress or disability caused by identifying as a different gender than societal representation. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It can be diagnosed through a clinical interview based on patient history and behavior. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Antipsychotic medicines aim to reduce dopamine levels. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The pre-symptomatic phase characterized by a decline in behavior and functioning. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Paraphilic Disorders (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Higher risk of homelessness and legal issues. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Schizophrenia (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Observation of behavioral changes during acute episodes. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A theory that emphasizes the role of learning and experience in shaping personality. It suggests that our behaviors and personalities are influenced by environmental factors and learned associations.

The idea that people's behavior and personality are entirely determined by their environment and experiences, with no room for free will or internal influences.

A type of learning where an individual learns to associate a neutral stimulus with a naturally occurring response, leading to a conditioned response. Example: Pavlov's dog experiment.

A type of learning where behaviors are modified through their consequences. Rewards increase the probability of a behavior, while punishments decrease it.

A stable characteristic of a person that causes them to consistently behave in certain ways. It describes a pattern of behavior rather than explaining it.

Traits that are easily observable in a person's behavior, such as being talkative or shy.

Fundamental, underlying traits that are less visible but influence surface traits. These are more abstract and fewer in number.

A theory that bridges classic behaviorism and other theories like psychoanalysis by focusing on how thoughts and cognitive processes influence behavior.

A personality trait that influences most of a person's activities and behaviors. This trait is the most dominant in their personality.

Traits that are less dominant than cardinal traits but more prominent than secondary traits. Examples include honesty, sociability, and shyness.

Preferences or attitudes that are less consistent and less influential compared to central and cardinal traits. Examples include liking modern art or disliking meat.

Gordon Allport's theory suggests that everyone has a unique combination of traits chosen from a universal set of possible traits.

Raymond Cattell's theory suggests that everyone possesses 16 essential personality traits that represent basic dimensions of personality.

A questionnaire based on Cattell's 16 personality factor theory, designed to measure 16 essential personality traits.

Hans Eysenck's theory suggesting that everyone possesses all personality traits, but express them to varying degrees.

Eysenck's three major dimensions of personality that encompass all personality traits: Psychoticism, Extroversion, and Neuroticism.

The idea that observing someone being punished for a behavior can decrease the likelihood of others performing that behavior.

The distinction between actually learning something and showing that you have learned it. You could learn a behavior but not always perform it.

A psychological defense mechanism where a person pretends that something unpleasant didn't happen. It's the most important defense mechanism.

A defense mechanism where you attribute your own undesirable qualities to someone else. For example, if you're jealous, you might accuse someone else of being jealous.

A defense mechanism where someone expresses anger indirectly through passive behaviors like slowness or procrastination.

A defense mechanism where you focus on the intellectual aspects of a situation to avoid dealing with the emotional aspects.

A defense mechanism where you create rational explanations for your behavior to avoid taking responsibility for your actions.

A defense mechanism where a person projects their own undesirable qualities onto someone else and then the person targeted by the projection starts believing, feeling, and thinking those projected qualities. It's like having your thoughts and feelings imposed on you.

Acting in a way that is immature or childish, such as throwing a tantrum or whining.

An unconscious defense mechanism where unacceptable thoughts or feelings are pushed down into the unconscious mind.

Shifting strong emotions from their original target to a safer one. For example, someone angry at their boss might take it out on their family instead.

Behaving in a way that is completely opposite to your true feelings. For example, someone who is secretly angry might act overly friendly.

Using humor to express difficult or uncomfortable feelings in a socially acceptable way.

Channeling negative energy into positive and constructive behavior. For example, someone with anger issues might become a boxer.

Consciously pushing unwanted thoughts into the unconscious mind, but with the ability to access them again later.

Getting pleasure and fulfillment from helping others.

Mental disorders stemming from the abnormal use of substances like alcohol, caffeine, and drugs, resulting in mood disturbances, anxiety, or psychosis.

Disorders characterized by inflexible personality traits causing distress and impairment. These traits fall outside societal norms and affect relationships and behaviors.

Disorders marked by impulsive behaviors or an inability to manage disruptive urges. This impacts social interactions and leads to conflict with others.

Disorders involving recurring obsessions (intrusive thoughts) and compulsions (repetitive behaviors) to ease anxiety.

Disorders where physical symptoms like pain or fatigue are present, but have no identifiable medical cause. These are believed to be influenced by psychological factors.

Disorders characterized by abnormal eating behaviors, resulting in distress and health issues. Examples include anorexia and bulimia.

Disorders involving involuntary urination or defecation at inappropriate times or places. These are usually caused by physical or psychological factors.

Disorders marked by disruptions in memory, identity, or consciousness. Examples include dissociative identity disorder (multiple personalities) and amnesia.

A disorder involving distress or disability related to a person's gender identity differing from their assigned sex, impacting their life.

A disorder characterized by a person experiencing sexual arousal from stimuli or situations considered unusual in their culture, causing distress or potential harm to others.

A broad category for any mental disorder causing distress or disability that does not fit into other diagnostic categories.

A serious mental illness characterized by disruptions in thinking, perception, and behavior, often involving delusions and hallucinations.

Abnormal beliefs or thoughts that lack a basis in reality, often persisting despite evidence to the contrary.

Experiences involving perception of things that are not real, such as hearing voices or seeing things that aren't there.

The period before the onset of schizophrenia, marked by subtle changes in behavior and functioning.

A period of time before the emergence of schizophrenia symptoms, characterized by gradual deterioration in behavior and functioning.