Psychology Module Overview

Podcast

Play an AI-generated podcast conversation about this lesson

Questions and Answers

What is the primary distinction in Bruce & Young's model of face recognition?

Recognition of familiar faces and recognition of expressions are processed together.

Only facial expressions are recognized in a modular fashion.

The model does not account for expression recognition.

Different sub-functions are processed independently through distinct pathways. (correct)

What is a core feature of Bruce & Young's modular model?

It treats face recognition as a single cognitive function.

It includes multiple cognitive pathways for various face recognition tasks. (correct)

It emphasizes the role of emotional response in facial recognition.

It categorizes faces solely into familiar and unfamiliar.

Which of the following best describes the processing of familiar faces in Bruce & Young's model?

It is managed through a distinct pathway separate from expression recognition. (correct)

It is processed through the same pathway as emotional recognition.

It lacks a systematic approach for recognition.

It is combined with the processing of unfamiliar faces.

What aspect of face processing is emphasized in Bruce & Young's model?

The independence of various sub-functions involved in recognition. Signup and view all the answers

When was Bruce & Young's model of face recognition published?

1986 Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following concepts is NOT part of the Face Recognition lecture?

Techniques for auditory face recognition Signup and view all the answers

What type of model does Bruce & Young's theory represent?

Modular model Signup and view all the answers

What effect does semantic priming have on recognition speed?

Faster recognition occurs when related faces are presented. Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of inhibitory connections within pools in the IAC model?

They compete with each other to prevent overcrowding of activation. Signup and view all the answers

How is knowledge represented in the IAC model?

As pools with interconnections representing relationships. Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the 'Face Recognition Unit' in the Bruce & Young model?

To identify previously encountered faces Signup and view all the answers

What does FRU stand for in the context of the IAC model?

Face Recognition Unit Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following concepts does the IAC model apply to, according to the content provided?

Categorization of character relationships in narratives Signup and view all the answers

Which process is NOT influenced by familiarity according to the findings mentioned?

Expression analysis Signup and view all the answers

What do FRUs primarily signal in the IAC model of face processing?

Face familiarity Signup and view all the answers

What describes the connections between different knowledge pools in the IAC model?

They are mutually facilitatory. Signup and view all the answers

In the Bruce & Young model, what links 'Person Identity Nodes' to further semantic information?

Name generation Signup and view all the answers

How do Person Identity Nodes (PINs) facilitate semantic priming according to the IAC model?

Through shared semantics, even across modalities Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of a Person Identity Node (PIN) in the IAC model?

To store semantic information about a person. Signup and view all the answers

What does the term 'double dissociation' refer to in the context of face processing?

Separate processing deficits in identity and expression recognition Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements about interactions within the IAC model is true?

Activation spreads only selectively along connections. Signup and view all the answers

What does neuro-imaging evidence suggest about processing facial identity versus emotion?

Different cortical sites are activated for each process Signup and view all the answers

Which statement about the IAC model is true?

Semantic accessibility is slower than familiarity. Signup and view all the answers

What does the IAC model suggest about the relationship between familiarity and semantic processing?

Familiarity precedes semantic processing. Signup and view all the answers

What were the most common errors noted in the memory loss diary study?

Feeling of familiarity without recall of identity Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements is true about the sorting tasks mentioned?

Humans can selectively attend to identity or emotion during sorting Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following accurately describes second-order relationships in facial recognition?

They enhance the ability to distinguish individuals' faces. Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the 'Person Identity Nodes' in face recognition?

To link to semantic information related to the person Signup and view all the answers

What aspect of face processing does the IAC model fail to address?

The distinction of individual faces Signup and view all the answers

In the context of the IAC model, how is repetition priming illustrated?

When recognizing Laurel's face primes recognition of other faces. Signup and view all the answers

What is a key function of modality-free Person Identity Nodes (PINs) in the IAC model?

Accessing semantic information across different forms of input Signup and view all the answers

What does the second-order relation refer to in the context of face recognition?

The fine-grained spatial interrelationship between features Signup and view all the answers

According to hierarchical theories of object perception, what do cells in the highest level of the hierarchy code for?

Specific shapes such as faces and hands Signup and view all the answers

Where in the brain are core aspects of face recognition primarily localized?

Superior temporal sulcus and inferior temporal cortex Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the Bruce & Young model in relation to face recognition?

It distinguishes between recognizing familiar individuals and interpreting other face information Signup and view all the answers

What aspect do negative faces challenge in face recognition according to the studies mentioned?

The identification of specific individuals Signup and view all the answers

How does the IAC model contribute to our understanding of facial recognition?

It captures various features and effects in human facial recognition Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements about face selective neurons is true?

They are found in the superior temporal sulcus and inferior temporal cortex. Signup and view all the answers

What do studies suggest about alterations like stretching and shearing in relation to face identity?

They can alter second-order relationships but faces remains identifiable. Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Module Overview

Lectures are scheduled from September 26th to December 6th
Topics cover various areas like memory, perception, thought, behavior, and attention.
Subtopics include object recognition, face recognition, agnosia, prosopagnosia, synaesthesia, attention, attentional biases, neglect, autism, experiment, and academic misconduct.

Perception

Object Recognition (RS) lecture scheduled for September 27th
Face Recognition (RS) is scheduled for October 3rd
Agnosia/Prosopagnosia (RS) is scheduled for October 4th
Synaesthesia lecture is on October 10th

Memory

Working Memory (DV) lecture is on November 1st
Long-Term Memory & Amnesia (CB) scheduled for November 7th
Memory loss in old age and dementia (AM) lecture is slated for November 8th

Thought

Knowledge (RS) scheduled for November 14th
Reasoning/Decision Making (RS) is scheduled for November 15th
Dysexecutive Syndrome (FDL) lecture is on November 21st

Behavior

Volition (RS) lecture is on November 22nd
Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (KC) is for November 28th
Cognition and Appetite (MY) is scheduled for November 29th
Impulse Control (HC) lecture is on December 5th

Attention

Attention (RS) is scheduled for October 11th
Attentional Biases in Anxiety (SF) lecture is on October 17th
Neglect (SF) scheduled for October 18th
Autism and Attention (SA) is scheduled for October 24th
Lecture on Experiments (RS) lecture is on October 25th
Academic Misconduct (BS) scheduled for October 31st

Face Recognition (Specific Lecture)

Bruce & Young's early model of face recognition is discussed
The Interactive Activation and Competition (IAC) model of face recognition is investigated
Information used for face recognition is considered
Face processing location is identified
Important aspects of the Bruce & Young's model are described

Face Recognition: Neuropsychological Support

Double dissociation between facial expression and face recognition processing is highlighted
Neuro-imaging supports the parallel processing view
Different cortical sites are active in the processing of identity and emotion.
Specific areas, like the inferior occipital and lateral fusiform gyrus, and activity within the amygdala and superior temporal sulcus are mentioned.

The Challenge of Semantic Priming

Semantic priming, where a face is responded to faster if it follows a closely related face, is presented, demonstrating a weakness in the Bruce & Young face recognition model.

Interactive Activation and Competition (IAC) Model

McClelland's parallel distributed networks with interactive activation and competition are explained.
The IAC model's role in concepts and category learning is noted (e.g., Jet vs. Shark categorization).
Semantic information is pooled and represented in pools.
The relationships between knowledge bits are presented in connections between pools.
Connections within a pool are mutually inhibitory, between pools, facilitatory.

IAC Model: Face Processing

FRU (face recognition unit), PIN (person identity node) are key components.
Activation of FRUs can inhibit other elements of a pool.
Different representations for familiar vs. unfamiliar faces are clarified.
FRUs are connected to person identity nodes via gateways to semantic information, and are linked to name generation
Activation spreads along connections and facilitates semantic priming, possibly between modalities
Inhibitory connections are important within pools.

IAC Model Summary

FRUs signal face familiarity. PINs are modality free gateways to semantic information.
Details of connectivity and activation/inhibition are crucial.
Name nodes are part of the semantic information, not separate.
Explains more empirical data than earlier models (relative timing; repetition priming).
Explains semantic and cross-modal priming.

Face Recognition: What do we use?

Humans have exceptional face recognition abilities.
The challenge lies in differentiating faces that share basic configurations.
Facial features (eyes, nose, mouth) are key and relate in consistent patterns.

Recognition and Second-Order Relationships

Instances of distinctive facial features, signaling identity, are rare.
Facial recognition depends on second-order relationships (fine-grained spatial relations between features and spatial relations between features).
Examples of alterations to faces that successfully maintain identifiability are discussed.
Challenges associated with negative faces (preserving configural information while being difficult to recognize) are noted.

Face Processing Location

Face processing occurs in a widely distributed system.
Core aspects are localizable within the superior temporal sulcus and inferior temporal cortex.
Face selective neurons are located there.

Hierarchical Accounts of Face Processing

Cells in the inferior temporal cortex are selective to complex stimuli.
A hierarchical theory of object perception is proposed.
Elementary features (line orientation and color) are combined into higher-order features (corners, T-junctions)
Cells at the highest level code specific shapes (like faces).

Summary of Face Recognition Models

Models divide tasks (familiar recognition vs. expression/other details).
The Bruce & Young model is useful for basic description.
The IAC model explains many aspects like semantic priming but not configural processing.
Face processing is widely distributed, with some core areas in the superior temporal sulcus and inferior temporal cortex.

Studying That Suits You

Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.

Description

This quiz covers key concepts from a psychology module that spans topics such as memory, perception, thought, and behavior. Each section delves into specific areas like object recognition, face recognition, working memory, and decision-making. Prepare to test your understanding of these crucial aspects of psychology.