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Questions and Answers
Which statement about self-esteem is accurate?
Which statement about self-esteem is accurate?
- High self-esteem guarantees popularity in social settings.
- Low self-esteem is primarily responsible for success.
- High self-esteem always leads to improved mental health.
- Variability in self-esteem indicates vulnerability to life events. (correct)
What is a primary feature of social identity?
What is a primary feature of social identity?
- A complete lack of consistency in self-perception.
- A focus solely on internal thoughts and feelings.
- Maintaining privacy over one's appearance and behaviors.
- The outward expression of self through interactions. (correct)
Which type of identity crisis describes difficulties in decision-making due to a lack of identity?
Which type of identity crisis describes difficulties in decision-making due to a lack of identity?
- Identity Ambivalence
- Identity Distraction
- Identity Conflict
- Identity Deficit (correct)
Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of identity crises as defined by Erikson?
Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of identity crises as defined by Erikson?
What is the relationship between identity conflict and transitions?
What is the relationship between identity conflict and transitions?
What is the primary cognitive function of self-concept?
What is the primary cognitive function of self-concept?
Which period of development is characterized by the emergence of self-awareness as a separate entity?
Which period of development is characterized by the emergence of self-awareness as a separate entity?
What is evaluation apprehension primarily associated with?
What is evaluation apprehension primarily associated with?
Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of low self-esteem?
Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of low self-esteem?
What do possible selves signify in the context of self-schemata?
What do possible selves signify in the context of self-schemata?
During which developmental stage do children begin to form the private self-concept?
During which developmental stage do children begin to form the private self-concept?
What is the primary difference between the ideal self and the ought self?
What is the primary difference between the ideal self and the ought self?
In overcoming shyness, which technique is most beneficial for building interpersonal confidence?
In overcoming shyness, which technique is most beneficial for building interpersonal confidence?
Flashcards
Variability in Self-Esteem
Variability in Self-Esteem
The extent to which self-esteem fluctuates in response to life events.
Social Identity
Social Identity
How you present yourself to the world, including your roles, appearance, and behaviors.
Continuity in Social Identity
Continuity in Social Identity
The consistency of how others perceive you over time.
Identity Crisis
Identity Crisis
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Identity Deficit
Identity Deficit
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Self-Concept
Self-Concept
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Possible Selves
Possible Selves
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Ideal Self
Ideal Self
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Ought Self
Ought Self
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High Self-Esteem
High Self-Esteem
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Low Self-Esteem
Low Self-Esteem
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Shyness
Shyness
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Evaluation Apprehension
Evaluation Apprehension
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Study Notes
Approaches to the Self
- This chapter explores how individuals develop self-awareness, manage self-esteem, and navigate social identity.
- It examines the interaction of self-concept, self-esteem, and identity with personality.
Key Components of the Self
Self-Concept
- The descriptive component of the self, answering the question "Who am I?".
- A cognitive schema organizing how individuals experience themselves.
Development of Self-Concept
- Infancy: Self-awareness emerges as infants realize they are separate from their environment.
- Childhood (2-3 years): Children begin to identify with their gender and age.
- Childhood (5-6 years): Social comparisons and a private self-concept develop.
- Adolescence: Perspective-taking and objective self-awareness increase, leading to heightened self-consciousness.
Shyness and Social Anxiety
Definition
- Shyness is a chronic state of self-awareness often accompanied by discomfort in social interactions.
Causes
- Heightened amygdala activity and cortisol responses.
- Evaluation apprehension (fear of negative judgment).
Overcoming Shyness
- Techniques include focusing outward, building confidence, gradual exposure, and anticipating failures without self-blame.
Self-Schemata
Definition
- Cognitive structures guiding the processing of self-related information.
Types
- Possible Selves: Representations of the future self (ideal, ought, feared).
- Ideal Self vs. Ought Self: Personal aspirations (ideal) and duties/obligations (ought).
Self-Esteem
Definition
- The affective component of the self – how much individuals value themselves.
Characteristics
- High self-esteem is associated with risk-taking and striving for success.
- Low self-esteem is linked to self-protective behaviors (e.g., defensive pessimism, self-handicapping).
Variability
- Self-esteem often fluctuates based on life events.
Myths
- High self-esteem does not guarantee success or popularity.
- Low self-esteem is not the primary cause of drug use or early sexual activity.
Social Identity
Definition
- The outward expression of self, observable through roles, appearance, and behaviors.
Features
- Continuity: Consistency in how others perceive the individual over time.
- Contrast: Uniqueness created by differentiation from others.
Identity Crises
Definition
- Periods of uncertainty and anxiety about self-concept, coined by Erik Erikson.
Types
- Identity Deficit: Lack of a well-defined identity, leading to difficulties in decision making.
- Identity Conflict: Incompatible aspects of identity, often occurring during transitions like adolescence or career changes.
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Description
This quiz delves into the psychological approaches to understanding the self, including self-awareness, self-esteem, and social identity. It covers the development of self-concept from infancy through adolescence and looks at related issues like shyness and social anxiety.
