Psychology Chapter on Schizophrenia and Nursing

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Questions and Answers

What is characterized by incoherent speech with a jumble of words?

Concrete thinking

Neologism

Word salad (correct)

Associative looseness

Which disorder is diagnosed when symptoms last for 1 to 6 months but resemble those of schizophrenia?

Delusional disorder

Schizoaffective disorder

Brief psychotic disorder

Schizophreniform disorder (correct)

Delusions without prominent hallucinations or bizarre behavior are indicative of which disorder?

Delusional disorder (correct)

Schizoaffective disorder

Substance-induced psychotic disorder

Psychotic depression

What is a common cognitive symptom that involves difficulty concentrating and memory issues?

Disorganized thinking (D) Signup and view all the answers

What term describes the need to increase substance use to achieve the same effect?

Tolerance (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a symptom required for diagnosing schizophrenia according to DSM-5?

Mood disturbances (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which disorder involves a combination of psychotic symptoms and significant mood disturbances?

Schizoaffective disorder (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a risk factor for developing substance-induced psychotic disorder?

Environmental factors (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which key role in Consultation Liaison Nursing involves working with others to provide care?

Coordination (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is a significant challenge faced in Consultation Liaison Nursing?

Resource limitation (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a primary function of forensic nursing?

Legal Advocacy (C) Signup and view all the answers

In forensic nursing, what is the focus of cultural competence?

Training with interpreters and cultural brokers (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is an essential strategy in enhancing the effectiveness of forensic nursing?

Regular training (A) Signup and view all the answers

What characterizes Somatic Symptom Disorders (SSD)?

Excessive worry about physical symptoms. (A) Signup and view all the answers

What does Illness Anxiety Disorder primarily entail?

Minimal or no physical symptoms with extreme anxiety. (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes Factitious Disorder?

Faking symptoms to assume a sick role without external gain. (D) Signup and view all the answers

What type of SSD is characterized by paralysis or blindness without a physiological cause?

Conversion Disorder. (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is a common behavior in individuals with SSD?

Researching illnesses to understand their condition. (A) Signup and view all the answers

How does Hypochondriasis differ from SSD?

Hypochondriasis centers on the fear of illness without physical symptom focus. (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following demonstrates a behavior indicative of Illness Anxiety Disorder?

Seeking unnecessary medical tests despite reassurance. (A) Signup and view all the answers

What potential impact can SSD have on the healthcare system?

Frequent doctor visits and unnecessary tests. (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is one characteristic of Somatic Symptom Disorder (SSD)?

One or more distressing physical symptoms (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which factor is NOT associated with Somatic Symptom Disorder?

Presence of psychotic features (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is a common characteristic of Major Depressive Disorder (MDD)?

Persistent feelings of sadness and hopelessness (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a treatment for mental disorders mentioned in the content?

Medications such as antidepressants (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which statement accurately describes Persistent Depressive Disorder (dysthymia)?

Chronic low-level depression lasting at least 2 years (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which factor does NOT impact the development of Somatic Symptom Disorder?

Physical injury (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a behavioral sign of eating disorders?

Binge eating episodes (D) Signup and view all the answers

What distinguishes Bipolar 1 Disorder from Bipolar 2 Disorder?

Bipolar 1 requires at least one manic episode (B) Signup and view all the answers

In the context of treatment, what role do support groups play for individuals with mental health issues?

They provide a platform for sharing experiences and support (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is a symptom duration criterion for diagnosing sexual dysfunction according to DSM-5?

At least 6 months (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which type of sexual dysfunction involves involuntary muscle spasms around the vagina?

Vaginismus (D) Signup and view all the answers

What condition is characterized by a person experiencing incongruence between their assigned gender and experienced gender?

Gender Dysphoria (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a type of sexual arousal disorder?

Erectile Disorder (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is an example of a paraphilic disorder?

Fetishistic Disorder (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is one common symptom of anorexia nervosa?

Excessive exercise (D) Signup and view all the answers

What characterizes Sexual Masochism Disorder?

Arousal from being humiliated or made to suffer. (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which disorder involves sexual arousal from exposing one's genitals to an unsuspecting person?

Exhibitionistic Disorder (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which disorder involves sexual arousal from observing an unsuspecting person?

Voyeuristic Disorder (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is one of the primary goals of sexual wellness interventions?

To assist individuals in maintaining sexual wellness. (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which approach involves engaging families and providing education in mental health?

Family-centered care (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is a challenge faced in family and community mental health?

Resource limitations (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which statement describes the role of community in mental health?

Social support is integral to community mental health. (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is a principle of family community mental health nursing?

Prevention and education. (A) Signup and view all the answers

What does Consultation-liaison Psychiatry Nursing (CLPN) focus on?

The psychiatric responses of patients related to physical dysfunction. (C) Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Somatoform Disorders and the Nursing Approach

Somatic Symptom Disorders (SSD) are characterized by persistent worry and distress over physical symptoms.
Distress may or may not be associated with a confirmed medical condition.
Thoughts, feelings, and behaviors related to the symptoms are excessive.
Hypochondriasis is similar to SSD, focusing on the fear or worry of illness rather than physical symptoms.
SSD significantly burdens the healthcare system due to frequent doctor visits, unnecessary tests, and potential misdiagnoses.

Types of SSD

Conversion Disorder (Conversion Reaction): Known as a loss or altered change in physical functioning. Manifestations include paralysis, blindness, or difficulty speaking.
Factitious Disorder: Intentionally faking or exaggerating physical or psychological symptoms to assume the sick role, not for external rewards.

Concepts of Primary and Secondary Gain

A patient might be deployed to a dangerous combat zone, developing paralysis in their legs to avoid deployment. This is primary gain, while the secondary gain might include extra care and support from family and medical personnel.

Illness Anxiety Disorder

Intense fear of having or developing a serious illness, despite little or no evidence. This can be similar to hypochondriasis.

Characteristics of SSD

One or more distressing physical symptoms (e.g., pain, fatigue).
Excessive thoughts, feelings, or behaviors about the symptoms.
Symptoms are persistent (lasting at least 6 months).

Factors Influencing SSD

Biological factors (increased sensitivity to pain, genetics).
Psychological factors (personality traits, cognitive distortions).
Previous trauma.
Co-existing mental health disorders.
Social and cultural factors (cultural beliefs, family influence, support system, and gender differences).

Treatments for SSD

Psychotherapy (often psychotreatment).
Medication (antidepressants).
Lifestyle changes.
Support Groups.

Affection Disorders/Nursing Approach/Mood Disorders

Depression is considered the "common cold" of psychiatric disorders due to its widespread occurrence.
Bipolar disorder involves extreme shifts in mood, energy, and functional capacity, encompassing periods of profound depression and intense euphoria (mania).

Types of Affective Disorders (Mood Disorders)

Major Depressive Disorder (MDD): Persistent feelings of sadness, hopelessness, and loss of interest in activities. Impairs social and occupational functioning for at least 2 weeks accompanied by no history of manic behavior.
Bipolar I Disorder: Characterized by episodes of mania (elevated mood, energy, or irritability) and major depressive episodes. During a manic episode, hallucinations and delusions may occur.
Bipolar II Disorder: Includes hypomanic episodes and major depressive episodes. This disorder never includes full-blown mania.
Cyclothymia: Chronic, fluctuating mood swings between hypomania and mild depression.

Persistent Depressive Disorder (Dysthymia)

Chronic low-level depression lasting at least 2 years in adults and 1 year in children/adolescents. It's characterized by feelings of sadness or hopelessness.

Challenges in Diagnosis and Assessment

Subjectivity of symptoms
Comorbidity (co-occurring disorders)
Developmental variations
Cultural factors

Suicide Risk Assessment and Management

Direct assessment: Asking the patient directly about thoughts of self-harm.
Assessing for plans and means.

Schizophrenia and Psychotic Disorders

Characterized by disorganized thoughts, delusions, hallucinations, and problems with concentration and memory.
Neologisms (making up new words), concrete thinking (literal interpretations), and disorganized thinking are hallmarks
Positive Symptoms: reflect alterations or distortions in normal functioning, such as hallucinations, delusions, or disorganized speech.
Negative Symptoms: reflect diminished or absent normal functioning, such as social withdrawal, flat affect, or apathy

Schizoaffective Disorder

A combination of psychotic symptoms (delusions, hallucinations) and significant mood disturbance (depression, mania).
Psychotic symptoms and mood disturbances co-exist for at least 2 weeks.

Brief Psychotic Disorder

Occurs suddenly and lasts for less than a month. Characterized by psychotic symptoms that may follow a stressful event. Symptoms include hallucinations, delusions, and disorganized thoughts.

Substance-Medication-Induced Psychotic Disorder

Psychotic symptoms directly attributable to substance use or medication side effects.

Causes/Risk Factors of Psychotic/Mood Disorders

Genetic predisposition.
Brain structure changes.
Environmental factors.
Chemical imbalances.
Social isolation and trauma.

Eating Disorders

Characterized by abnormal eating habits that significantly affect physical and mental health.
Anorexia Nervosa: Extreme fear of gaining weight, distorted body image, and severe food restriction that leads to significantly low body weight.
Bulimia Nervosa: Recurrent episodes of binge eating followed by purging behaviors like vomiting or compensatory behaviors such as excessive exercise, to prevent weight gain
Binge Eating Disorder: Eating large amounts of food rapidly and compulsively, without compensatory behavior, resulting in a feeling of guilt and distress.

Other Specified Feeding or Eating Disorder (OSFED)

A range of eating disorders that do not meet the full criteria for anorexia nervosa, bulimia nervosa, or binge-eating disorder.

Avoidant/Restrictive Food Intake Disorder (ARFID)

A disorder in which there is a lack of interest in food. Avoiding or restricting food intake due to sensory characteristics, or fear of consequences.

Sexual Dysfunctions

Characterized by problems with sexual desire, arousal, orgasm, or pain during sex.
Sexual Arousal Disorders involve erectile or female sexual interest/ arousal disorders.
Orgasmic Disorders include premature ejaculation and female orgasmic disorder (anorgasmia).
Paraphilic Disorders involve sexual arousal from non-normative or unusual objects, situations, or individuals such as exhibitionism, fetishism, pedophilia, and voyeurism.
Sexual Pain Disorders involve pain during sexual intercourse, including vaginismus and dyspareunia.
Gender Dysphoria is characterized by discomfort with one's biological sex and an incongruence between expressed and biological sex, often leading to a desire to change sex.

Forensic Nursing

Involves the application of nursing knowledge and skills within the legal and criminal justice systems and with individuals experiencing mental health and legal issues.
Forensic Nurses can work in hospitals, prisons, law enforcement and legal settings.
Includes assessing criminal suspects and victims, providing expert testimony, and handling legal issues.

Community/Family Mental Health

Community-based interventions, like community mental health programs, partnerships, and outreach.
Strategies for family support, including family-centered care strategies, support systems, and interventions.

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Description

Test your knowledge on various psychological disorders, focusing on schizophrenia and related conditions. This quiz also explores the intersection of mental health and nursing practices, including consultation-liaison and forensic nursing. Challenge yourself with questions about symptoms, diagnoses, and key roles in nursing.