Podcast
Questions and Answers
Which symptom is classified as a positive symptom of schizophrenia?
Which symptom is classified as a positive symptom of schizophrenia?
What type of schizophrenia is characterized by delusions and auditory hallucinations?
What type of schizophrenia is characterized by delusions and auditory hallucinations?
Which symptom is considered a negative symptom of schizophrenia?
Which symptom is considered a negative symptom of schizophrenia?
Which type of schizophrenia is marked by extreme social withdrawal and disorganized speech?
Which type of schizophrenia is marked by extreme social withdrawal and disorganized speech?
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What percentage of people will experience a psychological disorder at some point in their lives?
What percentage of people will experience a psychological disorder at some point in their lives?
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Which of the following is NOT a type of schizophrenia?
Which of the following is NOT a type of schizophrenia?
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What is a common characteristic of catatonic schizophrenia?
What is a common characteristic of catatonic schizophrenia?
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Which psychological disorder is considered the most prevalent?
Which psychological disorder is considered the most prevalent?
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What type of symptom involves the presence of hallucinations or delusions in an individual?
What type of symptom involves the presence of hallucinations or delusions in an individual?
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Which of the following best describes negative symptoms in schizophrenia?
Which of the following best describes negative symptoms in schizophrenia?
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Which disorder is characterized by an individual experiencing a mix of both major depressive and manic episodes?
Which disorder is characterized by an individual experiencing a mix of both major depressive and manic episodes?
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Among psychological disorders, how do mood disorders generally affect a person's everyday life?
Among psychological disorders, how do mood disorders generally affect a person's everyday life?
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Which type of schizophrenia is characterized by the presence of delusions and hallucinations without disorganized speech?
Which type of schizophrenia is characterized by the presence of delusions and hallucinations without disorganized speech?
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What is an example of a positive symptom in schizophrenia?
What is an example of a positive symptom in schizophrenia?
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What percentage range represents the prevalence of mood disorders in the general population?
What percentage range represents the prevalence of mood disorders in the general population?
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What do delusions represent in the context of psychological disorders?
What do delusions represent in the context of psychological disorders?
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What is a characteristic of hallucinations in schizophrenia?
What is a characteristic of hallucinations in schizophrenia?
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Which of the following best describes delusions?
Which of the following best describes delusions?
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What is a negative symptom of schizophrenia?
What is a negative symptom of schizophrenia?
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What is the prevalence rate of schizophrenia in the general population?
What is the prevalence rate of schizophrenia in the general population?
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Which of the following is NOT considered a positive symptom of schizophrenia?
Which of the following is NOT considered a positive symptom of schizophrenia?
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What leads one to experience a delusion of persecution?
What leads one to experience a delusion of persecution?
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Which symptom reflects disorganized behavior in schizophrenia?
Which symptom reflects disorganized behavior in schizophrenia?
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What is generally true regarding the onset of schizophrenia?
What is generally true regarding the onset of schizophrenia?
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Study Notes
Announcements
- Study guide for the final exam is posted
- Students can ask questions on Wednesday or Thursday
- Final exam: Thursday, December 12, 2:00 PM - 5:00 PM, LA 290
- Previous announcement of LA 270 was a typo
- Class email will be sent
- Class on Thursday, 1:00 PM - 2:15 PM, LA 170
Psychological Disorders Part 2
- Part 1 covered Anxiety Disorders
- Part 2 will cover Mood Disorders and Schizophrenia
General Classes of Disorders
- Anxiety disorders
- Mood disorders
- Schizophrenia
- Personality disorders
- Somatoform disorders
- Dissociative disorders
Anxiety Disorders
- Panic disorder
- Social phobia
- Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD)
- Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD)
Mood Disorders
- Depressive
- Major depressive disorder
- Seasonal affective disorder (SAD)
- Bipolar
- Major depression
- Dysthymia
- Atypical depression
- Seasonal affective disorder (SAD)
- Premenstrual dysphoric disorder (PMDD)
Mood Disorders Description
- Characterized by disturbances in emotion strong enough to intrude on everyday life
- Interfere with an individual's ability to function effectively
- Moods and emotions are extreme and unwarranted by situation demands
- Ranges from severe depression to extreme elation
Case Study: Tina
- Friends describe Tina as happy, outgoing
- Lately, Tina has stopped contacting friends, going out, and returning emails
- Tina rarely has energy to get out of bed
- Tina cannot explain feelings of sadness and loss of enjoyment in activities
Major Depressive Disorder (MDD)
- Persistent feelings of sadness, loss of interest, feelings of worthlessness or guilt, and inability to concentrate
- Interferes with concentration, decision making, and sociability
- Symptoms include:
- Feelings of worthlessness
- Loneliness
- Crying
- Sleep disturbance
- Suicide
The Depression Project Documentary
- Directed, Produced, Presented, and Edited by Grace Owen
- Available online at www.twitter.com/GracefaceTV
- http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VOgL31GHf3E
- Explores why mental health issues are taboo
A Test for Depression
- To complete, count statements agreed with
- Statements include feelings of sadness, lack of enjoyment, worthlessness, and difficulty sleeping, etc
- Helps determine if professional help is needed
Bipolar Disorder
- Formerly known as manic-depressive disorder
- Characterized by mood swings from ecstatic elation (mania) to deep depression
Bipolar Disorder (Manic Phase)
- Inflated self-esteem, excessive euphoria and energy
- Often irrational and delusional
- Restlessness, inability to sit still or sleep
- Rapid flight of ideas
- Argumentative, poor judgment, e.g., destroying property and giving possessions away
Bipolar Disorder (Depressive Phase)
- Often includes sleeping more than usual, being lethargic
- Individuals tend to withdraw and experience irritability
Mood Disorders: Bipolar Disorder (Data)
- Graph showing number of musical compositions by Robert Schumann related to periods of mania and depression
- Data suggests link between mania and creativity in some people
Seasonal Affective Disorder (SAD)
- Depressive mood disorder that manifests during winter months
- Marked by increased eating, sleeping, weight gain, and depressed mood
- Affects an estimated one million Canadians every year
- Estimated to affect 3% of Canadian population, with 15% having milder version
Causes of Mood Disorders
- Psychoanalytic theory
- Feelings of loss
- Anger directed at oneself
- Genetic and biochemical theory
- Genetic predisposition
- Brain chemistry
- Behavioral view
- Lack of positive reinforcers
- Self-reinforcing cycle
- Cognitive view
- Learned helplessness
- Negative cognitions
- Evolutionary theory
- Depression is an adaptive response to unachievable goals
- Lifts when individual pursues more reasonable goals
Schizophrenia
- Schizophrenia is a severe psychological disorder that affects all aspects of a person's life
- Loss of contact with reality
- Hallucinations
- Delusions
- Inappropriate or flat affect
- Disturbances of thought
- Social withdrawal
- Bizarre or erratic behavior
Case Study: Frank
- Frank became withdrawn and prone to odd behaviors in high school
- Spent a lot of time alone, doodling, staring out the window
- Talked in strange sentences, sometimes shouting
- With regular medication, behavior is now largely controlled
- Unable to attend college or hold a job due to frequent thought and behavior disturbances
Schizophrenia Symptoms
- People with schizophrenia have problems in memory, attention, and communication
- Symptoms are very removed from most people's everyday experiences
- Usually begins in adolescence or early adulthood
- Affects 1 person in 100
- Symptoms fall into positive and negative categories
Positive Symptoms of Schizophrenia
- Present or noticeable
- Include excessive and bizarre symptoms including:
- Hallucinations
- Delusions
- Looseness of association
- Disturbances in thought or speech
- Grossly disorganized behavior
- Inappropriate affect
Hallucinations
- A sensory perception in the absence of sensory stimulation that is confused with reality
- Imaginary sensations, e.g., seeing, hearing, feeling, tasting, or smelling things that are not there
Delusions
- False beliefs not generally shared by one's culture
- Very hard to dissuade, even with evidence
- Examples include believing thoughts are broadcast, or being targeted by government or alien forces
Common Delusions
- Delusion of Persecution: Erroneous belief that one is being victimized or persecuted
- Delusion of Grandeur: False belief that one is famous or possesses great talents, knowledge, or authority
Other Positive Symptoms of Schizophrenia
- Disturbances in thought or speech
- Grossly disorganized behavior
- Inappropriate affect
Negative Symptoms of Schizophrenia
- Involve a loss or deficiency
- Include
- Lack of emotional expression (flat affect)
- Lack of motivation (or goal-directed activity)
- Loss of pleasure in activities
- Social withdrawal
- Poverty of speech
- Slow movements
Types of Schizophrenia
- Paranoid
- Disorganized
- Catatonic
- Undifferentiated
Paranoid Schizophrenia
- Characterized by delusions and frequent auditory hallucinations
- Delusions usually involve grandeur and persecution
- May become violent in attempts to defend against imaginary attackers
- Better chance of recovery than catatonic or disorganized types
Disorganized Schizophrenia
- Most serious type, marked by extreme social withdrawal, hallucinations, delusions
- Silliness, inappropriate laughter, grimaces, grotesque mannerisms or bizarre behaviors
- Exhibit social impairment with silliness, and nonsensical speech
Catatonic Schizophrenia
- Characterized by striking impairment in motor activity
- Slowing of activity into stupor or agitation
- Waxy flexibility, maintaining positions others manipulate
Undifferentiated Schizophrenia
- Catch-all category
- Symptoms don't clearly fall into other categories or fit multiple categories
Psychological Disorders in Perspective
- How prevalent are psychological disorders?
- What indicates a need for a mental health practitioner?
Prevalence of Psychological Disorders
- 48% of people will experience a psychological disorder at some point in their lives
- Most common disorder is depression
- Second most common disorder is alcohol dependence
Indicators for Seeking Professional Help
- Prolonged feelings of distress
- Episodes of overwhelming stress with inability to cope
- Prolonged depression or hopelessness
- Withdrawal from other people
- Chronic physical problems with no physical cause
- Phobias that prevent daily activities
- Feeling others are plotting against you
- Inability to interact effectively with others
Need for Help
- If you or someone you know needs help, talk to someone you trust
- Contact listed resources for support
Student Support Resources
- Counseling Centre
- Individual, couples counselling
- Academic coaching
- Consultations
- Free to students, 4th Floor Student Centre, call 420-5615, email [email protected]
- Student Health Center
- Located on 4th floor, Student Center
- Phone: 420-5611 or 496-8778
- Online Supports
- Healthy Minds NS (text, phone, online options)
- Togetherall (safe online community)
- Good2Talk NS (phone/textline for post-secondary students)
- Anxiety Canada
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Description
This quiz covers the essentials of mood disorders and schizophrenia, which are critical areas within psychological disorders. Topics include various types of mood disorders such as major depressive disorder and bipolar disorder, with a focus on understanding their characteristics and impacts. Test your knowledge and prepare effectively for your upcoming assessments.
