Schizophrenia Spectrum Disorders Quiz

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Questions and Answers

Which two topics take priority for persons newly diagnosed with schizophrenia? (Select all that apply)

  • How to complete an application for employment
  • Ways to quit smoking (correct)
  • The importance of taking your medication correctly (correct)
  • How to dress when attending community events
  • How to give and receive compliments

Which nursing diagnoses relate to a client diagnosed with schizophrenia who feels threatened by staff members? (Select all that apply)

  • Disturbed thought processes (correct)
  • Spiritual distress
  • Risk for other-directed violence (correct)
  • Risk for loneliness
  • Social isolation

What is Echolalia?

Repeating words or phrases heard from others.

Word salad is a coherent and structured use of language.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A client has had difficulty keeping a job because of arguing with co-workers and accusing them of conspiracy. Today this client shouts, 'They're all plotting to destroy me. Isn't that true?' What is the nurse's most therapeutic response?

<p>Feeling that people want to destroy you must be very frightening. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A newly admitted client diagnosed with schizophrenia is hypervigilant and constantly scans the environment. The client states, 'I saw two doctors talking in the hall. They were plotting to kill me.' The nurse may correctly assess this behavior using which term?

<p>Paranoia (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A client diagnosed with schizophrenia says, 'My co-workers are out to get me. I also saw two doctors plotting to kill me.' How does this client perceive the environment?

<p>Dangerous (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

When a client diagnosed with schizophrenia was discharged 6 months ago, haloperidol was prescribed. The client now says, 'I stopped taking those pills. They made me feel like a robot.' What are common side effects the nurse should validate with the client?

<p>Sedation and muscle stiffness (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which hallucination expressed by a client necessitates the nurse to implement safety measures?

<p>The voices say everyone is trying to kill me. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A client's care plan includes monitoring for auditory hallucinations. Which assessment findings suggest the client may be hallucinating?

<p>Darting eyes, tilted head, mumbling to self (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A health care provider considers which antipsychotic medication to prescribe for a client diagnosed with schizophrenia who has auditory hallucinations and poor social function. The client is also overweight and hypertensive. Which drug should the nurse advocate?

<p>Aripiprazole (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A client diagnosed with schizophrenia tells the nurse, 'I eat skiller. Tend to end. Easter. It blows away. Get it?' What is the nurse's most therapeutic response?

<p>I am having difficulty understanding what you are saying. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A client diagnosed with schizophrenia exhibits little spontaneous movement and demonstrates catatonia. Which client needs are of priority importance?

<p>Physiological (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A client diagnosed with schizophrenia demonstrates little spontaneous movement and has catatonia. The client's activities of daily living are severely compromised. What will be an appropriate outcome for this client?

<p>Performs self-care activities with coaching by the end of day 3. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A nurse observes a catatonic client standing immobile, facing the wall with one arm extended in a salute. The client remains immobile in this position for 15 minutes. What is the name of this phenomenon?

<p>Catatonia (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A nurse leads a psychoeducational group about first-generation antipsychotic medications with six adult men diagnosed with schizophrenia. The nurse will monitor for concerns regarding body image with respect to which potential side effect of these medications?

<p>Gynecomastia (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A nurse leads a psychoeducational group about problem solving with six adults diagnosed with schizophrenia. Which teaching strategy is likely to be most effective?

<p>Invite participants to come up with solution to getting incorrect change for a purchase. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A nurse educates a client about the antipsychotic medication regime. Afterward, which comment by the client indicates the teaching was effective?

<p>Taking this medication regularly will reduce the severity of my symptoms. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A newly admitted client diagnosed with schizophrenia says, 'The voices are bothering me. They yell and tell me I am bad. I have got to get away from them.' Select the nurse's most helpful reply.

<p>I'll stay with you. Focus on what we are talking about, not the voices. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A client diagnosed with schizophrenia has taken fluphenazine 5 mg po bid for 3 weeks. The nurse now observes a shuffling propulsive gait, a mask-like face, and drooling. Which term applies to these symptoms?

<p>Pseudoparkinsonism (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A client diagnosed with schizophrenia is very disturbed and violent. After several doses of haloperidol, the client is calm. Two hours later the nurse sees the client's head rotated to one side in a stiff position, the lower jaw thrust forward, and drooling. Which problem is most likely?

<p>An acute dystonic reaction (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which medication should be administered to treat dystonias when oral medication is not an option?

<p>Diphenhydramine (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What condition is indicated by grimacing and lip-smacking after receiving fluphenazine decanoate?

<p>Tardive dyskinesia (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What should the nurse say as a therapeutic response when a client laughs uncontrollably?

<p>You're laughing. Tell me what's happening. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which assessment finding would be regarded as a negative symptom of schizophrenia?

<p>Poor personal hygiene (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What assessment findings mark the prodromal stage of schizophrenia?

<p>Withdrawal, misinterpreting, poor concentration, and preoccupation with religion (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the client’s statement about 'contagious bacteria' indicate?

<p>Paranoia (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which intervention has the highest priority for a client starting ziprasidone?

<p>Weight management strategies (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of verbalization is evident when a client with schizophrenia says, 'It's beat. Time to eat. No room for the cat.'?

<p>Associative looseness (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A client with schizophrenia continues to show symptoms of apathy and poverty of thought despite treatment. Which medication change would be expected?

<p>Olanzapine (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of therapy should the nurse recommend for a family unfamiliar with schizophrenia?

<p>Psychoeducational (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What assessment indicates a potential relapse in a client with schizophrenia?

<p>Relapse. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How should a nurse document the client's use of the term 'macnabs'?

<p>A neologism. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the client’s statement about seeing their body merging with the wall suggest?

<p>Maintain a normal social interaction distance. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the nurse's priority assessment question when a client hears a voice directing their actions?

<p>What is the voice telling you to do? (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What condition is indicated by severe muscle stiffness, difficulty swallowing, and elevated vital signs after taking risperidone?

<p>Neuroleptic malignant syndrome; notify health care provider stat. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What response indicates concrete thinking when asked about the saying 'You can't judge a book by its cover'?

<p>The table of contents tells what a book is about. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the best goal for a psychoeducational group for clients diagnosed with schizophrenia?

<p>Demonstrate improved social skills. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the nurse's best initial action regarding the client's fear of international authorities due to Facebook's tracking capacity?

<p>Tell the client, 'You are in a safe place where you will be helped.' (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which finding constitutes a negative symptom associated with schizophrenia?

<p>Poverty of thought (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the client's ability to 'decipher codes of DNA just by looking at someone' suggest?

<p>Magical thinking (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What term should the nurse use to document a client's disorganized speech, such as, 'Red chair out town board'?

<p>Word salad (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Schizophrenia Spectrum Disorders

Mental illness involving disturbances in thought, perception, and behavior.

Paranoia

Irrational fear, ranging from mild suspicion to profound belief of harm.

Hallucinations (Danger)

Sensory experiences without external stimuli; a need for safety measure if related to harm.

Catatonia

Immobility and lack of spontaneous movement.

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Physiological Needs (Catatonia)

Basic needs like feeding and hygiene assistance are priority for immobile clients.

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Typical Antipsychotics

Drugs that treat schizophrenia, causing sedation and extrapyramidal side effects.

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Gynecomastia

Breast enlargement, a side effect of some antipsychotics.

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Concrete Teaching

Strategies like role-playing and problem-solving for better understanding.

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Antipsychotic Addiction

Antipsychotics are not addictive; but gradual discontinuation is crucial.

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Auditory Hallucinations

Hearing voices without an external source. Handling involves reassurance and redirection.

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Pseudoparkinsonism

Parkinson's-like symptoms caused by medication.

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Acute Dystonic Reactions

Painful muscle contractions (tongue, face, neck).

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Tardive Dyskinesia

Involuntary movements (face, tongue, limbs) from long-term medication.

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Anticholinergic Medications

Treat dystonia; examples are diphenhydramine, trihexyphenidyl, benztropine.

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Anticholinergic Effects

Medication side effects (dry mouth, blurred vision, constipation).

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Negative Symptoms

Decreased or absent behaviors; example is poor hygiene.

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Prodromal Stage

Early warning phase of schizophrenia; withdrawal and preoccupation.

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Neologisms

Newly invented words or phrases.

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Associative Looseness

Unrelated thoughts expressed poorly joined together.

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Word Salad

Meaningless mix of words.

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Command Hallucinations

Voices telling the client to act.

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Concrete Thinking

Inability to think abstractly; tested through proverbs.

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Magical Thinking

Belief that thoughts can influence events.

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Second-Generation Antipsychotics

Treat both positive and negative symptoms.

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Conventional Antipsychotics

Treat primarily positive symptoms.

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Study Notes

Schizophrenia Spectrum Disorders

  • A client with schizophrenia may have difficulty keeping a job due to arguing with co-workers and accusing them of conspiracy.
  • Paranoia is an irrational fear, ranging from mild suspicion to profound belief that someone intends to harm them.
  • Clients with schizophrenia perceive the environment as hostile and dangerous.
  • Typical antipsychotic drugs can cause sedation and extrapyramidal side effects like stiffness and gait disturbance.
  • Hallucinations that indicate a need for safety measures are those that suggest danger to the client or others, such as hearing voices telling the client to harm themselves.
  • Clients with schizophrenia may exhibit catatonia, which is a state of immobility and lack of spontaneous movement.
  • Physiological needs are the priority for catatonic clients, as they may require assistance with basic activities of daily living like feeding and toileting.
  • First-generation antipsychotic medications can cause gynecomastia (enlargement of the breasts), which can affect body image.
  • Clients with schizophrenia may benefit from concrete teaching strategies, such as role-playing or problem-solving exercises that use everyday situations.
  • Antipsychotic medications are not addictive, but should be discontinued gradually to minimize discontinuation syndrome.
  • A client experiencing auditory hallucinations may benefit from reassurance and redirection.
  • Pseudoparkinsonism, a side effect of antipsychotic medication, mimics the symptoms of Parkinson's disease.
  • Acute dystonic reactions are painful contractions of the tongue, face, neck, and back. They are considered emergencies requiring immediate intervention.
  • Tardive dyskinesia is a condition involving involuntary movements of the face, trunk, and limbs and can occur with long-term use of antipsychotic medications.
  • Diphenhydramine, trihexyphenidyl, and benztropine are medications used to treat dystonias.
  • When a client is experiencing an acute dystonic reaction, administering an anticholinergic medication such as diphenhydramine IM is the most urgent intervention.
  • Clients taking long-term antipsychotics may develop tardive dyskinesia, characterized by involuntary movements of the face, tongue, and limbs.

Anticholinergic Effects

  • Anticholinergic effects are common side effects of medications.
  • They cause dry mouth, blurred vision, flushing, constipation, and dry eyes.

Schizophrenia

  • Schizophrenia is a mental illness characterized by disturbances in thought, perception, and behavior.
  • Symptoms can be positive (e.g., hallucinations, delusions) or negative (e.g., apathy, social withdrawal).

Assessment

  • Negative Symptoms: Poor personal hygiene is a negative symptom of schizophrenia.
  • Prodromal Stage: Symptoms of the prodromal stage of schizophrenia include withdrawal, misinterpretation, poor concentration, and preoccupation with religion.
  • Paranoia: A client who is fearful about "contagious bacteria" is exhibiting paranoia.
  • Verbalizations
    • Neologisms: Newly invented words or phrases used by a client, such as "macnabs."
    • Associative Looseness: Jumbled thoughts expressed incoherently. Example: "It's beat. Time to eat. No room for the cat."
    • Word Salad: Meaningless jumble of words, example: "Red chair out town board."
  • Hallucinations: Hallucinations can be auditory, visual, or tactile.
    • Command Hallucinations: Auditory hallucinations that tell the client to do something. The priority assessment should be to determine what the command is to ensure patient and others' safety.
  • Concrete Thinking: Inability to think abstractly, often assessed through proverbs. Example: "The table of contents tells what a book is about."
  • Magical Thinking: The belief that one's thoughts or actions can influence events. Example: "I can decipher codes of DNA just by looking at someone."

Medications

  • Second-Generation Antipsychotics: These medications target both positive and negative symptoms of schizophrenia. Examples include olanzapine, ziprasidone.
  • Conventional Antipsychotics: These medications target primarily positive symptoms. Examples include haloperidol, chlorpromazine.
  • Weight Management: A priority intervention for clients taking second-generation antipsychotics is weight management as these medications often cause weight gain.
  • Neuroleptic Malignant Syndrome: A potentially life-threatening condition characterized by muscle rigidity, high fever, altered mental status, autonomic instability (e.g., tachycardia, hypertension). It's a medical emergency that can be caused by antipsychotic medications.

Nursing Interventions

  • Psychoeducation: Psychoeducational groups for clients with schizophrenia should focus on topics like medication management, coping skills, and social skills.
  • Relapse: Signs of potential relapse include feeling tense, difficulty concentrating, trouble sleeping, increased withdrawal, and increased bizarre or magical thinking.
  • Social Isolation: Clients with schizophrenia may benefit from social skills training to improve interpersonal relationships.
  • Risk for Other-directed Violence: Clients with schizophrenia who are experiencing delusions of persecution may be at risk for violence.
  • Safe Environment: Provide a calm and safe environment for clients experiencing psychosis. Maintain a normal social distance and avoid touching them to avoid triggering panic.

Important Considerations

  • Medication Adherence: Adherence to antipsychotic medications is critical for symptom management and maintaining stability.
  • Smoking Cessation: Encourage cessation of smoking as it negatively impacts overall health and is often a risk factor in clients with schizophrenia.

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