Podcast
Questions and Answers
H.J.Eysenck proposed that personality could be reduced into two broad ______.
H.J.Eysenck proposed that personality could be reduced into two broad ______.
dimensions
One of the dimensions proposed by Eysenck is ______ vs. emotional stability.
One of the dimensions proposed by Eysenck is ______ vs. emotional stability.
Neuroticism
People who score high on neuroticism tend to be ______, moody, touchy, restless and quickly lose control.
People who score high on neuroticism tend to be ______, moody, touchy, restless and quickly lose control.
anxious
Another dimension proposed by Eysenck is extraversion vs. ______.
Another dimension proposed by Eysenck is extraversion vs. ______.
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People who score high on extraversion tend to be active, ______, impulsive and thrill-seeking.
People who score high on extraversion tend to be active, ______, impulsive and thrill-seeking.
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In a later work, Eysenck proposed a third dimension called ______ vs. Sociability.
In a later work, Eysenck proposed a third dimension called ______ vs. Sociability.
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A person who scores high on the psychoticism dimension tends to be hostile, egocentric, and ______.
A person who scores high on the psychoticism dimension tends to be hostile, egocentric, and ______.
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The ______ approach to studying personality is highly popular.
The ______ approach to studying personality is highly popular.
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Freud's theory explores the origins and effects of ______ conflicts and how individuals deal with them.
Freud's theory explores the origins and effects of ______ conflicts and how individuals deal with them.
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The conscious level encompasses the thoughts, feelings, and ______ that individuals are aware of.
The conscious level encompasses the thoughts, feelings, and ______ that individuals are aware of.
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The ______ level of consciousness contains mental activity that individuals may become aware of only if they pay close attention to it.
The ______ level of consciousness contains mental activity that individuals may become aware of only if they pay close attention to it.
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According to Freud, the ______ serves as a reservoir for instinctual drives and repressed thoughts and desires.
According to Freud, the ______ serves as a reservoir for instinctual drives and repressed thoughts and desires.
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The ______ is driven by the pleasure principle, seeking immediate gratification and avoiding pain.
The ______ is driven by the pleasure principle, seeking immediate gratification and avoiding pain.
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Freud believed that much of a person's instinctual energy is ______ in nature.
Freud believed that much of a person's instinctual energy is ______ in nature.
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The ______ is unconcerned with moral values or the well-being of others.
The ______ is unconcerned with moral values or the well-being of others.
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The ______ of psychoanalysis is to bring repressed unconscious material to conscious awareness, promoting self-awareness and integration.
The ______ of psychoanalysis is to bring repressed unconscious material to conscious awareness, promoting self-awareness and integration.
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The way we perceive ourselves and the ideas we hold about our competencies and attributes is also called ______.
The way we perceive ourselves and the ideas we hold about our competencies and attributes is also called ______.
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Self-esteem is an important aspect of our ______.
Self-esteem is an important aspect of our ______.
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Some people have high ______, whereas others may have low self-esteem.
Some people have high ______, whereas others may have low self-esteem.
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To assess self-esteem, we present a variety of statements to a person and ask her/him to indicate the extent to which those statements are ______ for her or him.
To assess self-esteem, we present a variety of statements to a person and ask her/him to indicate the extent to which those statements are ______ for her or him.
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Children seem to have formed self-esteem at least in four areas: academic competence, social competence, physical/athletic competence, and physical ______.
Children seem to have formed self-esteem at least in four areas: academic competence, social competence, physical/athletic competence, and physical ______.
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Finding out an individual's self-concept is not ______.
Finding out an individual's self-concept is not ______.
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A person may have a very positive view of her/his athletic bravery, but a negative view of her/his academic ______.
A person may have a very positive view of her/his athletic bravery, but a negative view of her/his academic ______.
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Our capacity to view ourselves in terms of stable dispositions permits us to combine separate self-evaluations into a general psychological image of ______.
Our capacity to view ourselves in terms of stable dispositions permits us to combine separate self-evaluations into a general psychological image of ______.
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Type - B personality can be understood as the absence of Type - A ______.
Type - B personality can be understood as the absence of Type - A ______.
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Individuals characterized by Type - C personality are prone to ______.
Individuals characterized by Type - C personality are prone to ______.
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Type - D personality is characterized by proneness to ______.
Type - D personality is characterized by proneness to ______.
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Trait approaches seek to describe the basic components of ______.
Trait approaches seek to describe the basic components of ______.
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A trait is considered a relatively enduring ______ or quality.
A trait is considered a relatively enduring ______ or quality.
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Gordon Allport is considered the pioneer of the ______ approach.
Gordon Allport is considered the pioneer of the ______ approach.
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Traits are generally consistent across different ______.
Traits are generally consistent across different ______.
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Allport proposed that individuals possess a number of ______ that are dynamic in nature.
Allport proposed that individuals possess a number of ______ that are dynamic in nature.
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Children with high academic self-esteem perform better in schools than those with low ______ self-esteem.
Children with high academic self-esteem perform better in schools than those with low ______ self-esteem.
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Children with high social self-esteem are more liked by their ______ than those with low social self-esteem.
Children with high social self-esteem are more liked by their ______ than those with low social self-esteem.
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Studies have shown that warm and positive ______ helps in the development of high self-esteem among children.
Studies have shown that warm and positive ______ helps in the development of high self-esteem among children.
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A person who believes that they have the ability required by a particular situation demonstrates high ______.
A person who believes that they have the ability required by a particular situation demonstrates high ______.
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The notion of self-efficacy is based on ______'s social learning theory.
The notion of self-efficacy is based on ______'s social learning theory.
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People with a strong sense of self-efficacy feel less ______.
People with a strong sense of self-efficacy feel less ______.
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Self-regulation refers to our ability to organize and monitor our own ______.
Self-regulation refers to our ability to organize and monitor our own ______.
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This becomes possible through what is commonly known as ______.
This becomes possible through what is commonly known as ______.
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Allport categorised traits into cardinal, central, and ______.
Allport categorised traits into cardinal, central, and ______.
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Cardinal traits are highly ______ dispositions.
Cardinal traits are highly ______ dispositions.
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Mahatma Gandhi's non-violence is an example of a ______ trait.
Mahatma Gandhi's non-violence is an example of a ______ trait.
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Cattell used ______ analysis to discover common personality structures.
Cattell used ______ analysis to discover common personality structures.
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Cattell identified ______ primary or source traits.
Cattell identified ______ primary or source traits.
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Central traits are less pervasive but still quite ______ dispositions.
Central traits are less pervasive but still quite ______ dispositions.
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Allport believed that a person's reaction to situations depends on their ______.
Allport believed that a person's reaction to situations depends on their ______.
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Cattell described source traits in terms of opposing ______.
Cattell described source traits in terms of opposing ______.
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Flashcards
Self-concept
Self-concept
The way we perceive ourselves, including our competencies and attributes.
Positive self-concept
Positive self-concept
A favorable view of oneself across various areas.
Negative self-concept
Negative self-concept
An unfavorable view of oneself, often in specific areas.
Self-esteem
Self-esteem
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High self-esteem
High self-esteem
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Low self-esteem
Low self-esteem
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Assessment of self-esteem
Assessment of self-esteem
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Competence areas for self-esteem
Competence areas for self-esteem
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Type B Personality
Type B Personality
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Type C Personality
Type C Personality
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Type D Personality
Type D Personality
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Trait Approach
Trait Approach
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Traits
Traits
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Allport's Trait Theory
Allport's Trait Theory
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Consistency of Traits
Consistency of Traits
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Individual Differences
Individual Differences
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Integrative Traits
Integrative Traits
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Cardinal Traits
Cardinal Traits
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Central Traits
Central Traits
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Secondary Traits
Secondary Traits
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Intervening Variables
Intervening Variables
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Cattell's Primary Traits
Cattell's Primary Traits
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Factor Analysis
Factor Analysis
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Source vs Surface Traits
Source vs Surface Traits
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Academic self-esteem
Academic self-esteem
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Social self-esteem
Social self-esteem
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Effects of low self-esteem
Effects of low self-esteem
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Self-efficacy
Self-efficacy
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Bandura's theory
Bandura's theory
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Self-regulation
Self-regulation
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Positive parenting
Positive parenting
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Eysenck's Theory
Eysenck's Theory
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Neuroticism vs. Emotional Stability
Neuroticism vs. Emotional Stability
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Extraversion vs. Introversion
Extraversion vs. Introversion
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Psychoticism vs. Sociability
Psychoticism vs. Sociability
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Eysenck Personality Questionnaire
Eysenck Personality Questionnaire
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Psychodynamic Approach
Psychodynamic Approach
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Free Association
Free Association
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Dream Analysis
Dream Analysis
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Levels of Consciousness
Levels of Consciousness
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Conscious
Conscious
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Preconscious
Preconscious
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Unconscious
Unconscious
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Id
Id
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Ego
Ego
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Superego
Superego
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Psychoanalysis
Psychoanalysis
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Study Notes
Introduction to Self and Personality
- Students will be able to describe self-regulation, personality, different personality approaches, and techniques for personality assessment.
- Self and personality are ways we define our existence, organise experiences, and demonstrate behaviour.
- Self is a person's view of themselves.
- Personality is a stable pattern of behaviour that distinguishes one person from another.
Concept of Self
- Self-concept is a person's perception of their competencies and attributes.
- Self varies across cultures. Cultures like the West tend to have clear boundaries between the self and others; cultures in Asia tend to have a more fluid and dynamic boundary blurring the two.
- A new-born child is not aware of self.
- Self-esteem involves judgment of the value of oneself.
- Self-efficacy is the belief in one's ability to succeed.
- Self-regulation is the ability to monitor and manage behaviour.
Cognitive and Behavioral Aspects of Self
- Self-esteem, self-efficacy and self-regulation are behaviourally based.
- Culture greatly impacts how we view ourselves.
Concept of Personality
- Personality-related terms include temperament, trait, and disposition.
- Trait describes consistent behaviours.
- Temperament is a biological quality.
- Disposition describes how someone will react in a given situation.
- Habit is a particular behaviour that is learned.
- Personality is a complex pattern of behaviours, traits, and characteristics.
- It is relatively stable in the context of situations and across periods of time.
Major Approaches to the Study of Personality
- Type approaches group individuals into similar behavioural classifications. Historical approaches (Greek, Indian) classified people based on body types and humours (e.g., sanguine, phlegmatic). Modern approaches include Sheldon's (endomorphic, mesomorphic, ectomorphic).
- Trait approaches break personality into traits (characteristics); examples are the Big Five Model (openness, conscientiousness, extraversion, agreeableness, and neuroticism).
- Psychodynamic approaches (e.g., Freud) focus on unconscious thought, desires, experiences, conflicts from early childhood. The unconscious is an important aspect that can explain or inform behaviours).
- Behavioural approaches (e.g, Skinner, Pavlov) Emphasise the role of learning in shaping personality using classical and operant conditioning.
- Cultural approaches relate personality to societal, ecological, environmental and cultural factors.
- Humanistic approaches (e.g. Rogers, Maslow) believe that people strive for growth and self-actualization.
Assessment of Personality
- Self-report measures are structured tests where individuals disclose feelings about themselves. Examples include Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI).
- Projective measures present ambiguous stimuli where respondents project their thoughts, feelings, and needs onto the stimulus. Examples include Thematic Apperception Test (TAT), Rorschach Inkblot test.
- Observation involves observing behaviours in different settings.
- Interviews a method for gathering rich data on individual personality using questions and conversation.
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Description
This quiz focuses on H.J. Eysenck's theories of personality, including the dimensions of neuroticism, extraversion, and psychoticism. It also touches on Freud's approach to personality and levels of consciousness. Test your understanding of how these theories explain different personality traits and behaviors.
