Psychology Chapter on Needs and Goal Setting

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Questions and Answers

What does the lowball technique involve?

Obeying rules for personal reasons

Following a command from an authority figure

Changing behavior to match others

Making a commitment and then increasing the cost (correct)

Which is a characteristic of destructive obedience?

Obeying for the sake of safety

Changing behavior to gain acceptance

Following orders at the expense of one’s own wellbeing (correct)

Conforming to group norms

How does normative influence affect conformity?

Through the desire to gather accurate information

To avoid punishment and seek acceptance (correct)

To achieve personal goals

By ensuring personal safety

What distinguishes emotions from moods?

Emotions have clear causes Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is an example of positive obedience?

Obeying traffic rules for safety Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of informational influence in conformity?

It helps individuals become accurate by following knowledgeable peers Signup and view all the answers

What type of needs are satisfied by gaining awards and praise in a workplace?

Ego needs Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a type of emotion described?

Annoyance Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes 'learning orientation' in goal setting?

Enhancing knowledge and skill Signup and view all the answers

In what way do emotions influence workplace behavior?

They provide insights into job attitudes and behaviors Signup and view all the answers

What outcome is associated with having clearly defined goals?

Increased persistence Signup and view all the answers

Which compliance technique involves making a small request first to increase the likelihood of agreeing to a larger request later?

Foot-in-door Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary difference between compliance and obedience?

Compliance is a request; obedience is a command Signup and view all the answers

What is likely to result from experiencing a positive mood at work?

Higher job satisfaction Signup and view all the answers

In goal setting theory, what does the term 'performance oriented' refer to?

Achieving specific performance levels Signup and view all the answers

Which emotional regulation strategy involves faking or exaggerating emotions?

Amplification Signup and view all the answers

Which goal behavior involves engaging more effectively and rigorously with the study material?

Motivated to find effective ways Signup and view all the answers

The 'door-in-the-face' technique is often employed in which scenario?

To negotiate prices and offers Signup and view all the answers

What is meant by emotional labour in the workplace?

Displaying emotions that one does not actually feel Signup and view all the answers

What is surface acting in the context of emotional display?

Faking feelings while concealing true emotions Signup and view all the answers

What do emotional display rules dictate in organizations?

The emotions employees are required to express Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a consequence of emotional labour?

Higher chances of burnout Signup and view all the answers

What is deep acting essentially about?

Genuinely experiencing and displaying emotions Signup and view all the answers

Negative moods in the workplace are typically associated with which of the following?

Increased absence rates Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary benefit of deep acting when interacting with customers?

It seems more genuine to customers. Signup and view all the answers

Which characteristic is NOT part of emotional intelligence?

Decision-making Signup and view all the answers

What does antecedent focused technique involve?

Modifying the situation before emotional responses occur. Signup and view all the answers

Which statement about emotional burnout is true?

It results from prolonged exposure to stressors at work. Signup and view all the answers

What does the acronym 'OCEAN' in the Big Five model represent?

Openness, Conscientiousness, Extroversion, Agreeableness, Neuroticism Signup and view all the answers

Which emotional intelligence characteristic helps to manage interpersonal relationships?

Social skills Signup and view all the answers

Why is response focused technique considered poorer than antecedent focused technique?

It suppresses emotions rather than resolving them. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a sign of high motivation as a characteristic of emotional intelligence?

Setting high personal standards and goals. Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of the Johari Window model?

To develop self-awareness and understanding of oneself and others Signup and view all the answers

Which quadrant of the Johari Window represents information known to oneself and also known by others?

Known Self Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes the 'Blind Self' quadrant?

Traits or behaviors others perceive but the individual does not recognize Signup and view all the answers

What does the 'Unconscious-Unknown Self' quadrant refer to?

Untapped potential talents and skills that have not been discovered Signup and view all the answers

An ideal Johari Window is characterized by which of the following?

A large open Arena to promote trust and cooperation Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Include interaction with others, building friendships, and community activities like company cafeterias and picnics.

Ego Needs

Satisfied through recognition via awards, praise, promotions, and a good office environment.

Self-Actualization Needs

Boredom in a job diminishes motivation; engaging and challenging work enhances motivation.

Goal Setting Theory

Goals represent objectives individuals aim to achieve. Types of goals include:
- Specific goals, e.g., achieving an ‘A’ on an exam.
- General goals, e.g., performing well in college.
Two orientations:
- Learning orientation focuses on knowledge and skill enhancement.
- Performance orientation concentrates on achieving specific performance metrics.

Effects of Goals on Behavior

Goals initiate actions necessary to reach them, such as studying.
Goals promote greater effort, leading to enhanced concentration and more effective studying.
Persistence increases as individuals spend more time working towards their goals.
Goals motivate the search for effective strategies in learning.

Compliance

A form of social influence where individuals follow requests, differing from obedience because it does not involve direct orders.
Classic techniques include:
- Foot-in-the-door: Agreeing to a small request makes individuals more likely to comply with larger requests later.
- Door-in-the-face: A large initial request followed by a smaller, more reasonable one increases compliance chances.
- Lowball technique: Gaining a commitment and later increasing the commitment's costs.

Obedience

Involves changing behavior due to orders from authority figures, distinct from the social matching behavior of conformity.
Types of obedience:
- Destructive obedience: Following commands that harm self or others.
- Positive obedience: Following rules for beneficial reasons, such as obeying traffic laws for safety.

Conformity

Changing personal behavior to align with group actions, driven by social acceptance.
Influenced by:
- Informational influence: Conforming due to a desire for correctness based on others' knowledge.
- Normative influence: Conforming to gain acceptance or avoid punishment, even against personal beliefs.

Managing Emotions at Work

Understanding Emotions

Emotions are specific, short-lived feelings influenced by environmental events, differing from longer-lasting moods.
Types of emotions include:
- Positive (e.g., excitement, joy) and negative (e.g., anxiety, anger).
Positive experiences often result in positive emotions, while negative interactions can induce negative feelings.

Effects of Moods

Positive moods correlate with increased creativity, job satisfaction, and performance.
Negative moods are linked to dissatisfaction, absenteeism, and turnover.

Emotion Regulation

Involves monitoring and controlling emotional expressions through:
- Amplification: Exaggerating emotions.
- Suppression: Hiding emotional displays.

Emotional Intelligence

Emotional intelligence involves recognizing and managing one's own emotions and understanding others.
Key characteristics include:
- Self-awareness, self-regulation, social skills, empathy, and motivation.
Higher emotional intelligence is associated with greater job satisfaction and performance.

Emotional Labor

Involves displaying emotions that may not be genuinely felt, leading to stress and potential burnout.
Types of emotional display:
- Surface acting: Faking emotions without changing internal feelings.
- Deep acting: Attempting to modify internal emotions to match external expressions, resulting in authenticity.

Personality: Big Five Model and Johari Window

Big Five Model

A widely accepted personality theory identified by McCrae and Costa, summarized as OCEAN:
- Openness to experience: Willingness to consider new ideas and intellectual pursuits.

Johari Window

A self-awareness model developed by Joseph Luft and Harry Ingham.
Comprises four quadrants to illustrate personal knowledge:
- Arena (Public Self): Known to self and others.
- Mask (Hidden Self): Known to self but hidden from others.
- Blind Self: Unknown to self but recognized by others.
- Unconscious (Unknown Self): Not known to self or others, encompassing untapped potential.

Importance of Self-Awareness

Greater self-awareness leads to improved cooperation, trust, and productivity within teams.

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Description

Explore social, ego, and self-actualization needs in this quiz. Understand goal setting theory and how it influences behavior and motivation. Test your knowledge on the types of goals and their impact on performance and persistence.