Psychology Chapter on Locus of Control and Theories

<p>Peer pressure encouraging larger portion sizes. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They can override individual appetite signals. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It influences individuals to adopt problem-focused coping when controllable. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Problem-focused coping strategies. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Causal attribution of the stressor. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Problem-focused coping. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Avoidant coping. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Just stop worrying (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They reduce anxiety, panic, and insomnia (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Cognitive restructuring (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Beta blockers (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Avoiding stressors is beneficial (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Initial alarm stage (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Resistance stage (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Homeostasis (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The body utilizes energy and resources to cope (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Prolonged exposure leading to disease (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Interactions of physical and psychological stressors (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Compensation stage (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Stress responses can be beneficial and adaptive (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They include cognitive reappraisal and avoidance. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Social support mitigates negative effects of high stress. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Avoiding thoughts about the problem. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>By providing emotional resources to deal with stress. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Social support benefits health regardless of stress levels. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Higher risk of ongoing loneliness and health issues. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>By reducing the impact of personal stress on others. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Suppression of emotions. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Social ties can improve resilience against illness. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Individualistic cultures focus on personal achievements. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Psychological avoidance. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Rumination. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Independent benefits to health regardless of stress levels. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It enhances access to resources needed to cope. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Decreased heart rate variability (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Poor emotional regulation (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Emotion-focused coping (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>By increasing stress hormones (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It assesses exposure to stressors (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Increased cardiovascular reactivity (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Substance abuse (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>By raising cholesterol levels (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Ignoring or denying the problem (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>1 in 4 (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Skin tone (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Improves emotional regulation (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Increase resources or reduce demands (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Physiological stress markers (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Stroke (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Avoidant coping always leads to effective solutions. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The perceived control over a stressor influences the coping strategy used. Controllable stressors lead to problem-focused coping, while uncontrollable stressors might lead to emotion-focused coping or avoidance.

A coping strategy that directly addresses the problem causing stress. It tackles the source of the stress rather than the emotional response.

A coping strategy that manages the emotional response to stress, rather than changing the stressor itself.

Determining the cause of an event or problem. This affects how we view controllability and consequently, how we cope.

Attributing the cause of a problem to oneself. Leads to a greater likelihood of problem-focused coping.

The body's physiological reaction to a perceived threat or challenge.

A series of physical changes the body undergoes in response to stress.

A three-stage model of the body's physiological response to stress, proposed by Hans Selye.

The initial phase of the GAS, where the body mobilizes resources to cope with the stressor.

The stage of the GAS where the body attempts to adapt and cope with ongoing stress.

Physiological endocrinologist that proposed the GAS model.

A state of equilibrium in the body's internal environment.

Stress is the body's physiological reaction to a threat or challenge.

Stress can influence the progression of diseases and predict symptom outbreaks and treatment success.

Stress is a significant risk factor for cardiovascular disease (CVD). It can lead to a higher heart rate, blood pressure, and increased clotting factors, which can contribute to strokes.

Stress triggers an increase in platelets and clotting factors in the blood, which increases the risk of stroke.

Repeated SNS activation due to stress contributes to atherosclerosis, the thickening of arteries, which is a major factor in CVD.

Stress can lead to a rigid and low heart rate variability, making it harder to regulate emotions and mental health.

Stress contributes to CVD by increasing inflammatory markers, stress hormones, and cardiovascular reactivity.

Type D personality is characterized by distress and social inhibition. It is a significant risk factor for illness, including coronary heart disease.

While the direct link between stress and cancer is debated, stress can indirectly contribute through weakened immune systems, poor lifestyle choices, and increased inflammatory responses.

Physiological stress can be measured through various indicators like hormone levels, skin responses, heart rate, and blood pressure.

Individuals can self-report their stress levels by measuring exposure to stressors and their perceived stress response.

Coping is the process of managing the perceived discrepancy between the demands of a situation and available resources to handle them.

Avoidant coping involves denying or ignoring the problem to avoid stress. It can be detrimental to addressing the underlying issue.

An unwanted, repetitive thought that keeps popping into your mind, even when you try to ignore it. It's like a song stuck in your head, but worse because it's often negative or stressful.

The phenomenon where trying to suppress a thought actually makes it more likely to appear in your mind. It's like trying not to think about a white bear, and the harder you try, the more you think about it.

A coping strategy that involves trying to avoid or escape a stressful situation. It can be temporary relief but may lead to long-term problems.

A technique for managing stress by changing the way you think about stressful situations. It involves identifying negative thoughts and replacing them with more realistic and positive ones.

Medications that reduce physical arousal symptoms associated with anxiety, such as rapid heartbeat and trembling, but they don't directly address the underlying stress.

A coping strategy where you re-evaluate a stressful situation to change your emotional response to it.

A coping strategy involving acknowledging and accepting the reality of a stressful situation, without trying to change it.

A coping strategy that involves trying to actively suppress or hide emotions, often leading to negative consequences.

A coping strategy characterized by repeatedly dwelling on negative thoughts and feelings, which can worsen stress and anxiety.

Coping strategies that are effective in reducing stress and promoting well-being.

Coping strategies that are ineffective or harmful in managing stress, often leading to negative consequences.

The network of friends, family, and community members that provide emotional, practical, and informational assistance to help individuals cope with stress.

Tangible help provided by others, such as assistance with tasks, chores, or errands.

Expressing care, empathy, and understanding to someone going through a stressful situation.

Providing guidance, advice, or information to help someone cope with a stressful situation.

Having someone to spend time with and share experiences with, providing a sense of belonging and connection.

Secure and reliable relationships that provide a sense of safety and belonging, offering a strong foundation for coping with stress.

The theory that social support protects individuals from the negative effects of stress by acting as a buffer.

Information provided on food packaging to help consumers make informed choices. This can include nutritional information, health star ratings, and ingredient lists.

A system used in Australia and New Zealand to rate the overall nutritional value of packaged foods. A higher star rating indicates a healthier choice.

The ways in which social factors, such as peer pressure, family habits, and cultural norms, can influence our food choices and eating habits.

Learning by observing and imitating the behaviours of others. In terms of food intake, this means being more likely to eat more or less depending on the eating habits of those around us.

A subtle signal or suggestion from the environment that influences our behaviour. In relation to food, this could be the presence of food, the time of day, or social interactions.