Psychology Chapter on Learning Theories

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Questions and Answers

What is a consequence of physical punishment as mentioned in the content?

Increased self-esteem in children

Feelings of anxiety and helplessness (correct)

Enhanced social skills

Improved academic performance

How did Seligman's research with dogs illustrate the concept of learned helplessness?

Dogs developed aggressive behaviors towards humans

Dogs maintained control over their environment

Dogs successfully avoided all unpleasant situations

Dogs accepted unpleasant events and became passive (correct)

Which statement accurately describes the relationship between learned helplessness and depressive symptomatology?

Learned helplessness improves overall life satisfaction

They both lead to feelings of hopelessness and worthlessness (correct)

They are completely unrelated psychological concepts

Learned helplessness leads to feelings of empowerment

What did Skinner suggest as a preferable alternative to punishment?

Direct positive reinforcement Signup and view all the answers

What happens to a rat's behavior when no food is delivered after pressing the lever multiple times?

The rat will stop pressing the lever after several attempts Signup and view all the answers

What does continuous reinforcement entail?

Reinforcement provided every time a specific behavior occurs Signup and view all the answers

How do different schedules of reinforcement affect behavior according to Ferster and Skinner?

They affect both response rate and extinction rate Signup and view all the answers

What psychological state can learned helplessness instill in individuals over time?

A gradual loss of faith in achieving success Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary concept behind shaping in behavioral training?

Rewarding specific reactions towards a target behavior. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements best describes Skinner's view on cognitive processes in learning?

Cognitive processes have no association with behavioral learning. Signup and view all the answers

What phenomenon is illustrated by the rats' ability to navigate a maze after receiving a reward?

Latent learning. Signup and view all the answers

What effect does unpairing cues from the unconditioned effects of a drug have?

It neutralizes the cue, reducing the craving effect. Signup and view all the answers

The conditioning of taste aversion may occur after how much time has passed since the stimulus?

It can happen hours later. Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary role of mirror neurons as identified in macaque monkeys?

Firing during the observation of actions and during their execution. Signup and view all the answers

What is an example of a conditioned response linked to immune system regulation?

Immunosuppression conditioned through taste aversion. Signup and view all the answers

Which area of the brain is associated with mirror neurons in macaque monkeys?

Premotor cortex. Signup and view all the answers

What do the studies related to mirror neurons in humans imply?

They relate to experiences such as pain, music, and emotions. Signup and view all the answers

What was the result of the experiments conducted by Ader and Cohen in 1975?

A taste aversion was developed through a single trial. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT an example of the processes recognized in the context of cognitive processing?

Behavioral conditioning alone. Signup and view all the answers

Which type of stimuli is least likely to develop conditioned nausea according to the study?

Auditory stimuli paired with sweet flavors. Signup and view all the answers

Which comparison illustrates a significant distinction in response to stimuli?

Gustatory stimuli vs. auditory stimuli in developing qualities. Signup and view all the answers

What major aspect of learning was challenged by the concept of latent learning as demonstrated in the rat studies?

The importance of immediate rewards for learning. Signup and view all the answers

What concept did Ader and Cohen's research support regarding the immune system?

Conditioning can influence immune response regulation. Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary focus of the interdisciplinary research mentioned concerning immune regulation?

The impact of experiences and behaviors on immune system responses. Signup and view all the answers

What does the concept of equipotentiality suggest about stimuli in classical conditioning?

All stimuli can be conditioned in the same way. Signup and view all the answers

How do neurobiological predispositions influence associations formed during conditioning?

They allow certain stimuli to be associated with unconditioned stimuli more readily. Signup and view all the answers

What was the significance of Garcia and Koelling's research with rats?

It illustrated that associations in learning can occur rapidly and are retained over time. Signup and view all the answers

What does preparedness suggest about the types of stimuli that can be conditioned?

Certain stimuli are biologically predisposed to maximal conditioning. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following illustrates the principle of taste aversion in learning?

Rats developing aversions to sweetened water after experiencing nausea. Signup and view all the answers

Why is taste aversion learning specifically difficult to erase according to Sokolowski?

It can occur with even long intervals between stimulus and response. Signup and view all the answers

What is one implication of preparedness in the context of fear response?

Survival instincts are more readily triggered by specific stimuli. Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary question raised by current research on classical conditioning?

Whether learning occurs only through experience. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following pairs of emotions are considered opposites in Robert Plutchik's model?

Sadness and Anticipation Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of Plutchik's 'wheel of emotions' model?

To categorize emotions based on their oppositions Signup and view all the answers

According to Plutchik, which combination of emotions gives rise to optimism?

Anticipation and Joy Signup and view all the answers

Who is recognized as the founder of the evolutionary approach to emotions?

Charles Darwin Signup and view all the answers

What does Plutchik's model suggest about the relationship between basic and complex emotions?

Complex emotions are formed by mixing basic emotions Signup and view all the answers

What is a significant characteristic of emotional psychology as described in the content?

It varies based on the researcher’s background and approach. Signup and view all the answers

According to Plutchik's model, which of the following is not considered a basic emotion?

Pride Signup and view all the answers

What phrase is used by Darwin to describe how emotional expressions can be beneficial?

Serviceable associated habits Signup and view all the answers

What does the hedonic valence dimension of affect describe?

The pleasure or unpleasure of an emotional experience Signup and view all the answers

In the context of the circumplex model of affect, what does the term 'circumplex' imply?

An arrangement describing relationships between emotional variables Signup and view all the answers

According to the studies conducted by Feldman Barrett and Russell, what is the relationship between valence and activation?

They are independent of one another. Signup and view all the answers

How are the opposite values of emotions depicted in the circumplex model?

They are depicted at opposite ends of the circumplex. Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of the arousal dimension in the two-dimensional model of emotions?

It indicates the level of activation from deactivated to activated. Signup and view all the answers

What do self-report tools aim to assess in studies of emotion?

An individual's emotional responses and states Signup and view all the answers

What do similar values of emotions represent in the circumplex model?

They imply that those emotions have weaker connections. Signup and view all the answers

What is one of the main conclusions drawn from the studies on affect by Feldman Barrett and Russell?

Positive and negative affects are independent constructs. Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

General Psychology: Learning, Emotion, Motivation and Attention

This course book covers learning, emotion, motivation, and attention.
The course book is divided into units, and each unit into sections.
Key concepts are explained in each section.
Self-check questions are provided at the end of each section.
For modules with final exams, students need to complete knowledge tests on the learning platform.
Students need to obtain at least 80% correct answers to pass the knowledge tests.
Successful completion of all unit knowledge tests allows the student to register for the final assessment.
Students should complete the course evaluation before registering for the assessment.

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Description

This quiz explores key concepts from behavioral psychology, focusing on learned helplessness, reinforcement schedules, and the effects of punishment. Questions delve into the research of notable psychologists like Seligman and Skinner, highlighting their contributions to understanding behavior and learning processes.