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What is one of the criticisms of the original theory of learned helplessness?
What is one of the criticisms of the original theory of learned helplessness?
What is the paradox mentioned in the critique of the theory of learned helplessness as a theory of depression?
What is the paradox mentioned in the critique of the theory of learned helplessness as a theory of depression?
What is a possible neurochemical explanation for learned helplessness?
What is a possible neurochemical explanation for learned helplessness?
What is a limitation of the original study on learned helplessness?
What is a limitation of the original study on learned helplessness?
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What is an application of Church's (1964) critique of yoked control designs?
What is an application of Church's (1964) critique of yoked control designs?
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What is not a criticism of the original theory of learned helplessness?
What is not a criticism of the original theory of learned helplessness?
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What is mentioned as a possible explanation for the results, but not due to
What is mentioned as a possible explanation for the results, but not due to
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Who published a book on learned helplessness in 1975?
Who published a book on learned helplessness in 1975?
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What type of experiment was designed to answer the research question?
What type of experiment was designed to answer the research question?
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What was the purpose of Group 1 in the experiment?
What was the purpose of Group 1 in the experiment?
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What was the result of Group 2 in Phase 2 of the experiment?
What was the result of Group 2 in Phase 2 of the experiment?
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What is the first deficit produced by exposing organisms to uncontrollable outcomes according to the original theory of learned helplessness?
What is the first deficit produced by exposing organisms to uncontrollable outcomes according to the original theory of learned helplessness?
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What was the primary observation made by Bruce Overmier, Martin Seligman, and Steven Maier in the 1960s dog experiments?
What was the primary observation made by Bruce Overmier, Martin Seligman, and Steven Maier in the 1960s dog experiments?
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How does the original theory of learned helplessness go beyond the original experimental findings?
How does the original theory of learned helplessness go beyond the original experimental findings?
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What was the main research question in the original dog experiments?
What was the main research question in the original dog experiments?
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In what year was the theory of learned helplessness first introduced?
In what year was the theory of learned helplessness first introduced?
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What was a criticism of the yoked 'triadic' dog experiments?
What was a criticism of the yoked 'triadic' dog experiments?
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What is the outcome of the uncontrollable outcomes in the original theory of learned helplessness?
What is the outcome of the uncontrollable outcomes in the original theory of learned helplessness?
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What was the title of the book published in 1993 related to learned helplessness?
What was the title of the book published in 1993 related to learned helplessness?
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What is the third deficit produced by exposing organisms to uncontrollable outcomes according to the original theory of learned helplessness?
What is the third deficit produced by exposing organisms to uncontrollable outcomes according to the original theory of learned helplessness?
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What was the primary goal of the original dog experiments?
What was the primary goal of the original dog experiments?
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What was the significance of the 1975 experiment in the context of learned helplessness?
What was the significance of the 1975 experiment in the context of learned helplessness?
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What was the name of the psychologist who developed the theory of learned helplessness?
What was the name of the psychologist who developed the theory of learned helplessness?
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What was the term used to describe the dogs' behavior in the shuttle box experiment?
What was the term used to describe the dogs' behavior in the shuttle box experiment?
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Study Notes
Historical Timeline of Early Research
- 1967: Triadic experiments with dogs were conducted
- 1969: Theory of learned helplessness was introduced
- 1975: First human 'helplessness' experiment was published
- 1978: Attributional reformulation was made
- 1989: Hopelessness depression theory was introduced
- 1991: 'Learned Optimism' was published
- 1993: 'Learned Helplessness' was published
Original Dog Experiments
- In the 1960s, Bruce Overmier, Martin Seligman, and Steven Maier observed that dogs receiving electric shocks in a classical conditioning experiment did not learn to escape from shocks in a shuttle box
- The researchers designed a 3-group 'triadic' experiment to answer the question of whether receiving electric shocks made dogs 'helpless' later in the shuttle box
Design of Yoked 'Triadic' Dog Experiments
- Phase 1: Pavlovian harness
- Group 1: Escapable shock (dog can turn off shock with nose)
- Group 2: Inescapable shock (yoked to Group 1)
- Group 3: No treatment (Control)
Results of Yoked 'Triadic' Dog Experiments
- Phase 2: Shuttle box
- Group 1: Escapable shock - Normal Learning
- Group 2: Inescapable shock - Interference, two-thirds failed to learn
- Group 3: No treatment - Normal Learning
Original Theory of Learned Helplessness
- Exposing organisms to uncontrollable outcomes produces 3 deficits:
- Cognitive deficit: Belief that outcomes are uncontrollable
- Motivational deficit: Lack of response initiation
- Emotional deficit: Fear and eventually depression
Criticisms of Yoked 'Triadic' Dog Experiments
- Does not rule out the possibility of instrumental response
- Possible neurochemical explanation
- Application of Church's (1964) critique of yoked control designs
- Results could be due to unpredictability (not uncontrollability)
Criticisms of Original Theory of Learned Helplessness
- Goes beyond the experimental findings
- Fails to explain why a third of subjects show no effect
- As a theory of depression:
- Paradox of self-blame
- Fails to explain why not everyone is depressed
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Description
This quiz covers the original learned helplessness dog experiments, criticisms of the theory, and the historical timeline of early research in biological and learning psychology.
