Psychology Chapter on Intellectual Functioning & ADHD
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Questions and Answers

What is the typical IQ range for individuals with below average intellectual functioning?

  • Below 70 (correct)
  • Above 100
  • 70-90
  • 80-100

    • The prevalence of below average intellectual functioning is higher in females than males.

    False

    Name one genetic cause associated with below average intellectual functioning.

    Down syndrome

    Risk of having a baby with Down syndrome increases with __________.

    <p>maternal age</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following causes of below average intellectual functioning with their descriptions:

    <p>Prenatal = Exposure to disease or drug/toxin during pregnancy Perinatal = Difficulties during labor and delivery Postnatal = Head injury or exposure to toxins after birth Environmental = Deprivations and neglect during childhood</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following symptoms is NOT associated with the hyperactive-impulsive subtype of ADHD?

    <p>Fails to give close attention to detail</p> Signup and view all the answers

    ADHD symptoms must be present by the age of 12 years.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the prevalence rate of ADHD in children?

    <p>5%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    ADHD symptoms are often viewed negatively and can lead to low self-esteem and ________ isolation.

    <p>social</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following ADHD treatments with their descriptions:

    <p>Stimulant medication = Ritalin and Dexedrine used to reduce symptoms Behavioral treatments = Programs using operant conditioning for reinforcement Parent training = Teaches parents about discipline strategies Teacher consultation = Daily behavior report cards and classroom management</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main goal of biological treatments for ADHD?

    <p>Reduce impulsivity and hyperactivity while improving attention</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Girls are diagnosed with ADHD at a higher rate than boys.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What percentage of children with ADHD is likely to have symptoms persist throughout their lives?

    <p>68%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The presence of _______ in the brain has been implicated as a risk factor for ADHD.

    <p>toxins</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a common characteristic of the inattentive subtype of ADHD?

    <p>Fails to follow through with instructions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the required order of treatments for Autism Spectrum Disorder?

    <p>Parent training then medication</p> Signup and view all the answers

    At least two of the following symptoms must be present for an Autism Spectrum Disorder diagnosis: stereotyped motor movements, insistence on sameness, hypo/hyperactivity to sensory input.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the three categories of symptom impairment in social interaction for Autism Spectrum Disorder?

    <p>Lack of emotional reciprocity, impaired nonverbal communicative behaviors, deficit in age-appropriate relationships</p> Signup and view all the answers

    By age 1, a child should be able to ______, ______, or make meaningful gestures.

    <p>babble, point</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the symptom with its description:

    <p>Echolalia = Stereotyped behavior of repeating phrases Pronoun reversal = Confusing pronouns in speech Language delays = Delay in developing spoken language Hyperactivity = Excessive movement or restlessness</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What percentage of children are likely to never develop effective spoken language?

    <p>25%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Genetics play a significant role in the risk of developing Autism Spectrum Disorder.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary focus of integrated treatments for Autism Spectrum Disorder?

    <p>Building community and social support for children and their families</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Individuals with intellectual disabilities may experience a wide range of ______.

    <p>intelligence levels</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What factor is NOT associated with an increased risk of developing Autism Spectrum Disorder?

    <p>High vaccination rates</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the recommended sleep duration for young adults and adults?

    <p>7-9 hours</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Practicing good sleep hygiene includes using electronics right before bed.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What psychological therapy is considered the first line treatment for insomnia?

    <p>CBT-I</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A sleep environment should be cool, quiet, and ______.

    <p>dark</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following diagnostic criteria for substance use disorder with their descriptions:

    <p>Tolerance = Need more of the substance to achieve the same effects Withdrawal = Physical symptoms that occur when stopping the substance Craving = Intense desire for the substance Impairment = Significant disruption to daily life due to substance use</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common risk factor for substance use disorders?

    <p>Low parental monitoring</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Binge drinking is defined as having 5 or more drinks for men in about 2 hours.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What percentage of teens and adults in the US display substance use disorders?

    <p>9%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Over-the-counter sleep medications can lead to ______ insomnia.

    <p>rebound</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following types of sleep aids with their characteristics:

    <p>Agonist substitution = Safe drugs with a similar chemical composition to the abused drug Antagonist treatment = Drugs that block the positive effects of a substance Aversive treatment = Drugs that make substance use unpleasant Inpatient care = Structured help for withdrawal</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a component of Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Insomnia (CBT-I)?

    <p>Medication prescriptions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Classical conditioning can negatively impact sleep by associating the bedroom with stress.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is defined as a physical reaction to a substance?

    <p>Substance intoxication</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Anticipatory thoughts can make it ______ to sleep.

    <p>hard</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary reason for making a sleep environment comfortable?

    <p>To ensure restful sleep</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which disorder is characterized by a significant distrust or suspiciousness of people?

    <p>Paranoid personality disorder</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Borderline personality disorder is primarily characterized by stability in interpersonal relationships and self-image.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key characteristic of antisocial personality disorder?

    <p>Disregard for the rights of others</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Individuals with __________ personality disorder exhibit excessive need for admiration and lack of empathy.

    <p>narcissistic</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following personality disorders to their characteristics:

    <p>Avoidant personality disorder = Hypersensitivity to negative evaluation Dependent personality disorder = Excessive need to be taken care of Obsessive compulsive personality disorder = Preoccupation with orderliness Histrionic personality disorder = Attention-seeking behavior</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which symptom is NOT associated with the negative symptom cluster of schizophrenia?

    <p>Hallucinations</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The dopamine hypothesis suggests that schizophrenia results from a deficiency of dopamine in the brain.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of Broca's area during auditory hallucinations in schizophrenia?

    <p>It is the most active area associated with speech.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    People with __________ personality disorders typically experience social inhibition and deep feelings of inadequacy.

    <p>avoidant</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following theories with their descriptions related to antisocial personality disorder:

    <p>Arousal theory = People seek stimulation to counteract under-arousal Fearlessness theory = Higher threshold for experiencing fear Genetic influences = Increased risk if parents have antisocial behavior Family influences = Inconsistent discipline linked to antisocial behavior</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a treatment option for borderline personality disorder?

    <p>Dialectical behavior therapy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Schizophrenia typically develops in late childhood or old age.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Name one positive symptom of schizophrenia.

    <p>Delusions or hallucinations</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The key features of __________ personality disorder include patterns of excessive emotion and attention seeking.

    <p>histrionic</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Healthy Sleep & Insomnia

    • Sleep Duration Recommendations: Young adults and adults require 7-9 hours of sleep.
    • Sleep Satisfaction: Consider if 7 hours of sleep is enough to feel rested, and if any underlying health issues or sleep problems exist, or if caffeine is needed.
    • Healthy Sleep Hygiene:
      • Maintain a consistent sleep schedule.
      • Establish a relaxing bedtime routine (e.g., reading, coloring, journaling).
      • Avoid naps.
      • Create a cool, quiet, and dark bedroom environment.
      • Don't use electronics before bed as electronics can interfere with sleep.
    • Classical Conditioning: Repeatedly associating bed with work can make it harder to fall asleep.
    • Thoughts and Cognitions: Worrying about sleep can worsen sleep problems.
    • Insomnia: Difficulty falling asleep or staying asleep, as per the DSM5TR criteria.
    • Prevalence of Insomnia: 6-10% of the population experiences symptoms that fulfill the criteria for insomnia.

    First Line of Treatment for Insomnia

    • CBT-I: Cognitive behavioral therapy for insomnia; involves sleep hygiene, and good sleep habits
    • Stimulus Control Procedures: Techniques to reduce anxiety associated with sleep, establishing a sleep schedule, and associating the bedroom solely with sleep as part of sleep hygiene.

    Medication Treatments for Insomnia

    • Over-the-counter sleep aids: Not the first line of treatment.
    • Benzodiazepines: Can cause excessive sleepiness and dependency; best use as a short-term solution.

    Substance Use Disorders

    • Substance Use: Taking moderate amounts of a substance that doesn't interfere with daily functioning.
    • Substance Abuse: Use that's dangerous and causes substantial impairment.
    • Tolerance: Need for larger amounts of the substance to achieve the same effects.
    • Withdrawal: Physical symptoms from discontinuing substance use.

    Binge Drinking

    • Pattern: Drinking 4 or 5 drinks in about 2 hours for women, or 5 or more for men
    • Risks & Casual Factors: Significant component of alcohol consumption by youth. Genetics and family history contribute.
    • Impact of Drugs: Drugs may affect the pleasure or reward centers of the brain.

    Social and Cultural Factors

    • Exposure to drugs is necessary for families, peers and cultural factors.
    • Low parental monitoring often associates with use of substances

    Treatments for Substance Use Disorders

    • Biological Treatments: This includes agonist substitution (safe drugs with similar chemical composition as the abused drug).
    • Antagonist Treatments: Drugs used to block or counteract the positive effects of the substance.
    • Aversive Treatments: Drugs that make use of substances unpleasant.
    • Psychosocial Treatments: Techniques such as inpatient care, used for those who need help with withdrawal; outpatient care for those who don't require inpatient care; and community support programs like Alcoholics Anonymous.

    Personality Disorders

    • Cluster A: Odd or eccentric disorders, such as paranoid, schizoid, and schizotypal personality disorders.
    • Cluster B: Dramatic, emotional, and erratic disorders (antisocial, borderline, histrionic, and narcissistic personality disorder).
    • Cluster C: Anxious or fearful disorders including avoidant, dependent, and obsessive-compulsive personality disorders
    • Criminality: Antisocial personality disorder is not the same as criminality; some people with antisocial personality disorder function well in society.
    • Borderline Personality Disorder: Instability, self-image, affect, and control over impulses.

    Schizophrenia

    • Diagnostic criteria: Serious disturbances in thoughts, emotions, and behavior.
    • Three symptom clusters:
      • Positive Symptoms: Active manifestations of abnormal behavior (delusions, hallucinations).
      • Negative Symptoms: Absence or insufficiency of normal behavior (flat affect, avolition).
      • Disorganized Symptoms: Disorganized speech (tangentiality, loose associations, word salad), thoughts, and behaviors.

    ADHD

    • Central features: Inattention, hyperactivity/impulsivity.
    • Symptoms must be present before age 12.
    • Diagnostic criteria: 6+ symptoms of inattention and/or 6+ symptoms of hyperactivity/impulsivity

    Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD)

    • Symptoms Categories:
      • Social interaction and communication impairment
      • Restricted, repetitive patterns of behavior or interests
    • Must show all three symptoms
      • Lack of emotional reciprocity
      • Deficit in nonverbal communicative behaviors
      • Defecits in age-appropriate relationships

    Intellectual Development Disorder (IDD)

    • Overview: Below average intellectual and adaptive functioning.
    • IQ: Typically below 70.
    • Prevalence: Occurs across 1-2% of the general population
    • Causes:
      • Environmental: (Depravation, malnutrition, abuse, neglect).
      • Prenatal: (Exposure to disease or a toxin).
      • Perinatal: (Difficulty during labor and delivery).
      • Postnatal: (Head injury, toxins).
      • Genetic: (Chromosomal abnormalities, Fragile X syndrome)

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    Healthy Sleep & Insomnia Study Guide PDF

    Description

    This quiz covers key concepts related to below average intellectual functioning and ADHD, examining symptoms, prevalence rates, and treatments. Test your knowledge on genetic influences and the gender differences in diagnoses. It's a comprehensive review for psychology students.

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