Psychology Chapter on Gender and Learning Theories

<p>A consequence that makes a behavior more likely to occur in the future. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Consequences of behavior, such as reinforcement and punishment. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Cognitive Social Learning Theory places greater emphasis on internal cognitive processes like attention, self-regulation, and self-efficacy. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It promotes the belief in one's ability to accomplish tasks, influencing the persistence of gender-typed behaviors. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The impact of social interactions on cognitive development (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Social and cultural differences related to identity (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Sex refers to reproductive functions, while gender is about personal identity. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Utilizes numerical data for comparisons (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Benevolent sexism (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Subtle prejudiced beliefs about women (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A hypothesis is a proposal to explain phenomena, while a theory is a well-substantiated explanation. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Discrimination or bias based on gender (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Capturing individual experiences and perspectives (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A framework that organizes and guides perception. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Schemas lead to the formation of stereotypes through the categorization of groups. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Automatic associations without conscious awareness. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The strength of association between different concepts. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>r = 0.60 (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A false classificatory concept with emotional biases. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To fill in assumed information until more is known. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Stereotypes (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Women are considered the source of evil or immorality. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Eve for disobeying God's command. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Prejudice against those outside the gender binary. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Ensuring political, economic, and social equality of women and men. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>All evils were unleashed upon the world. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A person whose gender identity aligns with their birth-assigned gender. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It emphasizes the role of unconscious processes in human behavior. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They were often accused of witchcraft and faced severe persecution. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Sympathy and warmth (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They discourage girls from pursuing science, impacting performance. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Tall and physically strong (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The tendency for expectations to create reality through behavior (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It can create anxiety, reducing performance outcomes. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Ambiguity and task completion focus (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Perpetuating implicit stereotypes that diminish confidence in girls. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Jealous and manipulative (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Justice perspective (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They learn about gender roles from their culture and adjust their behavior. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Promoted awareness of women's discrimination and political context. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Simultaneously analyzing multiple categories of identity and their consequences. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Meanings are constructed based on prior experiences and beliefs. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Personal experiences are linked to broader social and political issues. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It affects social interactions and perceptions of individuals. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A person’s conscious rejection of gender norms. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Emphasizes cognitive development through social interactions within culture.

Demonstrated links between national inequality and mate preferences.

Learn social behavior through observation, imitation, and reinforcement.

Learning strengthened by reinforcers or diminished by punishers.

An event that increases the likelihood of a behavior occurring again.

The act of doing what one sees others doing, especially same-gender adults.

Focuses on cognitive processes in social behavior learning.

Belief in one's ability to accomplish a task, influencing behavior.

A theory stating children learn cultural concepts of male and female behaviors.

A framework where children categorize behaviors as male or female, influencing self-concept.

Small groups of women to discuss discrimination and promote activism.

The study of overlapping identities and their combined impact on experiences and disadvantages.

The theory that people create meanings from experiences rather than discovering an objective reality.

Gender affects individual behavior and shapes others' reactions.

Individual experiences reflect larger social and political issues, especially for women.

Men often use justice perspective, while women lean towards care perspective in ethical views.

Unconscious beliefs about groups that can influence behavior and performance.

Characteristics associated with women, like empathy and warmth.

Characteristics associated with men, such as ambition and leadership.

Expectations that influence behaviors to confirm those expectations.

Anxiety experienced by individuals when they fear confirming stereotypes about their group.

A feedback loop where stereotypes lead to behavior that reinforces those stereotypes.

Behavioral traits traditionally associated with being male or female.

The disparity in scientific performance between genders often influenced by stereotypes.

Overgeneralized beliefs about characteristics of genders that affect behavior and perception.

A cognitive framework that organizes and interprets information about a topic.

A false classification concept often attached to strong emotional reactions.

Learning or processing that occurs without conscious awareness or effort.

Learning that is conscious and involves effort to understand or acquire information.

Measures relative strength of association between different concepts in individuals.

Variations in abilities or outcomes between genders often influenced by societal stereotypes.

The ease of processing information that occurs when using schemas and stereotypes.

The belief that women are the source of evil or immorality.

Eve disobeyed God, leading to original sin and the fall of humanity.

A box containing all evils, opened by Pandora and released into the world.

A person whose gender identity matches their assigned gender at birth.

Prejudice against those outside the gender binary; anti-trans prejudice.

The belief in social, political, and economic equality of the sexes.

Concepts in Chinese mythology representing feminine (yin) and masculine (yang).

A theory explaining human thoughts, feelings, and behaviors through psychosexual stages.

Socially constructed roles and identities associated with being male or female.

Biological classification based on reproductive functions, typically male or female.

Sex is about biological attributes; gender pertains to identity and social roles.

Research method emphasizing objectivity using numerical data to analyze participant responses.

Research method focusing on subjectivity and individual experiences through detailed accounts.

Discrimination or bias against individuals based on their gender.

Modern (subtle), Hostile (negative attitudes), and Benevolent (seemingly kind but limiting).

A hypothesis is a testable prediction; a theory is a well-substantiated explanation.