Psychology Chapter on Dissonance Theory
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Questions and Answers

What factors determine the desire to reduce cognitive dissonance according to Festinger?

  • The emotion connected to the dissonance
  • The potential financial gain from changing behavior
  • The degree of support from others
  • The importance of the elements and the perceived control over them (correct)

    • Which moderating variable is likely to show a strong relationship to behavior according to the content?

  • The frequency of social interactions
  • The importance of the attitude reflecting fundamental values (correct)
  • General attitudes towards life events
  • Transitory emotions experienced during tasks

    • Under which circumstance might discrepancies between attitudes and behavior commonly occur?

  • When personal beliefs are in harmony with group values
  • When individuals have high self-efficacy
  • When external rewards are minimized
  • When there are strong social pressures to conform (correct)

    • What is the relationship between specific attitudes and behavior as described in the text?

    <p>Specific attitudes tend to predict specific behaviors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role does accessibility of an attitude play in behavior prediction?

    <p>Easily accessible attitudes are more likely to predict behavior</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is cognitive dissonance?

    <p>A feeling of discomfort arising from inconsistency between attitudes or between behavior and attitudes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following strategies is NOT typically used to resolve cognitive dissonance?

    <p>Increasing the significance of the inconsistency.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How might social pressures influence attitude change?

    <p>They can lead individuals to publicly favor a position while privately holding another.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following describes rationalization in behavior?

    <p>Blaming external factors for personal behavior inconsistencies.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is implied by the predictive value of attitudes?

    <p>Attitudes can sometimes lead to behaviors that contradict one's beliefs.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Cognitive Dissonance Theory

    • Cognitive dissonance occurs when an individual perceives inconsistency between attitudes or between behavior and attitudes.
    • Festinger proposed that individuals seek to reduce dissonance for comfort.
    • The degree of motivation to reduce dissonance depends on the importance of creating elements, perceived control over them, and the rewards involved.

    Attitudes and Behavior Relationship

    • Research suggests that attitudes can predict behavior.
    • Important attitudes correlate strongly with behavior, reflecting personal values and self-interest.
    • Specific attitudes predict specific behaviors, unlike general attitudes predicting general behaviors.

    Moderating Variables in Attitudes

    • Importance of the attitude influences its correlation with behavior.
    • Attitudes that are easily accessible from memory are more likely to predict behavior effectively.
    • Social pressures can create discrepancies between attitudes and behaviors in organizational contexts.
    • Direct personal experience with an attitude strengthens its predictive power regarding behavior.

    Components of Attitude

    • Attitudes consist of three components:
      • Cognitive: Beliefs and opinions.
      • Affective: Emotional responses.
      • Behavioral: Intentions to act in certain ways.
    • Job satisfaction is a positive feeling derived from the evaluation of job characteristics.
    • Job involvement refers to the degree of identification with a job and its significance to self-worth.
    • Psychological empowerment relates to an employee's belief in their impact on their work.
    • Organizational commitment reflects the employee's alignment with organizational goals and desire to stay.
    • Employee engagement includes the individual's involvement and enthusiasm for their work.

    Causes and Outcomes of Job Satisfaction

    • Main causes of job satisfaction include job conditions, personality, pay, and corporate social responsibility.
    • Positive job satisfaction leads to higher job performance, organizational citizenship behavior, customer satisfaction, and life satisfaction.

    Impact of Job Dissatisfaction

    • Dissatisfaction can manifest through:
      • Exit: Behavior directed at leaving the organization.
      • Voice: Constructive feedback and attempts to improve conditions.
      • Loyalty: Optimistic waiting for conditions to improve while supporting the organization.
      • Neglect: Passive allowance of conditions to worsen, demonstrated through absenteeism or reduced effort.

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    Related Documents

    Attitudes and Job Satisfaction PDF

    Description

    This quiz explores Festinger's Dissonance Theory, focusing on how individuals confront conflicting beliefs and behaviors. It assesses the willingness and motivation to reduce cognitive dissonance based on personal importance and perceived influence. Dive into the complexities of human psychology!

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