Psychology Chapter on Consciousness and Sleep
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Questions and Answers

Which of the following best defines consciousness?

  • The physical state of being awake
  • A measurable brain activity metric
  • A person's subjective experience and their mental activity (correct)
  • The ability to sleep and dream

    • What bodily rhythm is associated with fluctuations in sleep length and mood throughout the seasons?

  • Annual Cycle (correct)
  • Circadian Rhythm
  • Sleep Wake Cycle
  • Daily Cycles

    • Which of the following individuals would likely be rated the MOST CONSCIOUS based on the provided rankings?

  • Terri Schiave
  • Robot
  • Koko gorilla
  • Meditating Monk (correct)

    • What role does melatonin play in the sleep-wake cycle?

    <p>It is influenced by the Suprachiasmatic nucleus controlling sleep patterns</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which biological rhythm describes regular variations occurring over a 24-hour cycle?

    <p>Circadian Rhythm</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a characteristic of REM sleep?

    <p>It involves most of the dreaming.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How is NREM sleep primarily different from REM sleep?

    <p>NREM consists of lighter sleep stages leading to deep sleep.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following theories suggests a reason sleep evolved in response to predation?

    <p>Circadian Rhythm Theory</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What negative effect is associated with sleep deprivation?

    <p>Decreased hippocampal activity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which stage of NREM sleep is characterized as Deep Sleep or SWS?

    <p>SWS</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What brain wave pattern is associated with full wakefulness?

    <p>Beta waves</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which stage of sleep is characterized by hypnagogic hallucinations?

    <p>NREM Stage 1</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During which stage of sleep do delta waves occur and the person is hard to wake?

    <p>NREM Stage 3</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to breathing and body temperature during NREM Stage 3 and 4?

    <p>Breathing becomes more regular, body temperature decreases.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What characterizes REM sleep in comparison to other sleep stages?

    <p>Dreaming and rapid eye movements occur.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which component of sensation is responsible for converting outside stimuli into neural activity?

    <p>Transduction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the context of Weber's Law, what does a Just Noticeable Difference (JND) refer to?

    <p>The smallest difference detectable between two stimuli 50% of the time</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the absolute threshold in the context of sensation?

    <p>The lowest level of stimulation a person can consciously detect 50% of the time</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following sequences correctly represents the process from stimulation to perception?

    <p>Stimulation → Transduction → Sensation → Perception</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a component of sensation as defined in the provided content?

    <p>Memory</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary feature of sensory adaptation?

    <p>Decreased responsiveness of the brain to sensory input</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What part of the electromagnetic spectrum is visible to humans?

    <p>Blue-violet light to red light</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does signal detection theory affect our perception of stimuli?

    <p>It allows us to focus on specific stimuli while ignoring others.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement regarding different organisms and light perception is correct?

    <p>Bees can detect wavelengths that humans cannot.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is an example of a visual detection threshold?

    <p>Seeing a candle flame from 30 miles away on a clear night</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a distinct characteristic of REM sleep?

    <p>Characterized by rapid eye movements</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What typically influences the amount of REM sleep a person experiences?

    <p>The experiences and stress levels during the day</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the difference between manifest content and latent content in dreams?

    <p>Manifest content refers to the apparent story, whereas latent content signifies the underlying meaning</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What phenomenon occurs following a period of REM sleep deprivation?

    <p>REM Rebound, which leads to increased REM sleep</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which theory suggests that dreams arise from random brain activity?

    <p>Activation-Synthesis Theory</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary process involved in dark adaptation?

    <p>Recovery of the eye's sensitivity to visual stimuli in darkness after bright light exposure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement accurately describes light adaptation?

    <p>It occurs faster than dark adaptation due to cone sensitivity.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the trichromatic theory explain in terms of color perception?

    <p>How combinations of three types of cones produce all colors.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to opponent-process theory, what happens when one color in a pair is stimulated?

    <p>The other color in the pair is inhibited from firing.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do mixed theories of color vision explain afterimages?

    <p>By combining both trichromatic and opponent-process theories to show two-stage processing.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of rods in the eye?

    <p>They function in low light conditions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which condition is characterized by light rays focusing in front of the retina?

    <p>Myopia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How are light rays focused in a hyperopic eye?

    <p>Light rays focus beyond the retina.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role do ganglion cells play in the eye?

    <p>They transmit visual information to the occipital lobe.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a characteristic of presbyopia?

    <p>It results from the lens becoming less flexible.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the lens in the eye?

    <p>To focus light onto the retina</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which part of the eye is responsible for converting light into nerve signals?

    <p>Retina</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to the lens of the eye when focusing on distant objects?

    <p>It remains flat</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which structure transmits visual signals from the retina to the brain?

    <p>Optic nerve</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What property of light is primarily responsible for determining color (hue)?

    <p>Wavelength</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which cells in the retina are responsible for detecting light and converting it into signals?

    <p>Rods and cones</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is visual accommodation?

    <p>The ability of the eye to focus on near and distant objects</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which structure serves as a relay station for visual information within the brain?

    <p>Thalamus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What determines the pitch of a sound according to Place Theory?

    <p>The location of stimulated hair cells on the organ of Corti.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which explanation accurately defines the Frequency Theory of pitch perception?

    <p>Pitch corresponds to the vibration speed of the basilar membrane.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a characteristic of nerve deafness?

    <p>It usually involves injury to hair cells from exposure to loud noise.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does the Volley Principle explain hearing tones around 3000 Hz?

    <p>Multiple groups of neurons alternate firing to convey the tone.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What condition is characterized by damage to the outer and middle ear?

    <p>Conduction deafness</p> Signup and view all the answers

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