Psychology Chapter on Conditioned Learning

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Questions and Answers

What is learning?

Learning is any relatively permanent change in behavior brought about by experience or practice.

What is classical conditioning?

Classical conditioning is learning to make an involuntary (reflex) response to a stimulus other than the original, natural stimulus that normally produces the reflex.

What is an unconditioned stimulus?

A naturally occurring stimulus that leads to a reflex.

What is an unconditioned response?

An involuntary response to a naturally occurring or unconditioned stimulus. Signup and view all the answers

What is a conditioned stimulus?

A stimulus able to produce a learned reflex response by being paired with the original unconditioned stimulus. Signup and view all the answers

What is a conditioned response?

A learned reflex response to a conditioned stimulus. Signup and view all the answers

What is a conditioned emotional response?

An emotional response that has become classically conditioned to occur to learned stimuli. Signup and view all the answers

What is operant conditioning?

Learning of voluntary behavior of pleasant and unpleasant consequences to responses. Signup and view all the answers

What does the Law of Effect state?

If an action is followed by a pleasurable consequence, it will tend to be repeated, and if followed by an unpleasant consequence, it will tend not to be repeated. Signup and view all the answers

What is positive reinforcement?

The reinforcement of a response by the addition or experience of a pleasurable stimulus. Signup and view all the answers

What is negative reinforcement?

The reinforcement of a response by the removal, escape from, or avoidance of an unpleasant stimulus. Signup and view all the answers

What is punishment by application?

Punishment of a response by the addition or experience of an unpleasant stimulus. Signup and view all the answers

What is punishment by removal?

Punishment of a response by the removal of a pleasurable stimulus. Signup and view all the answers

What is latent learning?

Learning that remains hidden until its application becomes useful. Signup and view all the answers

What is observational learning?

The process of learning through watching others, retaining the information, and then later replicating the behaviors that were observed. Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Learning Fundamentals

Learning is a permanent change in behavior resulting from experience or practice.

Classical Conditioning

Involves making an involuntary reflex response to a stimulus other than the original one.

Key Terms in Classical Conditioning

Unconditioned Stimulus: A naturally occurring stimulus that elicits a reflex.
Unconditioned Response: An involuntary reaction to an unconditioned stimulus.

Conditioned Responses

Conditioned Stimulus: A stimulus that produces a learned reflex response after being paired with an unconditioned stimulus.
Conditioned Response: A learned reflex response triggered by a conditioned stimulus.
Conditioned Emotional Response: An emotional response that becomes conditioned to occur with learned stimuli.

Operant Conditioning

Involves learning voluntary behaviors influenced by the consequences of actions.

The Law of Effect

Actions followed by pleasurable consequences tend to be repeated, while those followed by unpleasant consequences are less likely to recur.

Reinforcement and Punishment

Positive Reinforcement: Strengthening a response by adding a pleasurable stimulus.
Negative Reinforcement: Strengthening a response by removing or avoiding an unpleasant stimulus.
Punishment by Application: Adding an unpleasant stimulus to decrease a behavior.
Punishment by Removal: Removing a pleasurable stimulus to reduce a behavior.

Complex Learning Concepts

Latent Learning: Learning that is not immediately apparent and becomes evident when relevant to the situation.
Observational Learning: Learning through observing others, storing the information, and later replicating the observed behaviors.

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Description

Explore the fundamental concepts of learning through classical and operant conditioning in this psychology quiz. Understand key terms such as unconditioned stimulus, conditioned response, and the Law of Effect. Test your knowledge and reinforce your understanding of how behaviors are learned and modified.