Psychology Chapter: Internal Working Models

A shared understanding in a relationship, considering both partners as 'us'.

The expectation that a partnership will continue indefinitely, involving time, effort, and resources.

Intangible aspects of relationships that cannot be measured directly, such as love and trust.

The process of translating psychological constructs into measurable terms for research.

Participants' personal accounts of their behaviors, attitudes, and experiences in relationships.

Questions allowing participants to use their own words in responses, providing rich qualitative data.

Questions where the same range of choices is provided to all participants, like surveys.

A fixed scale used to quantify feelings of love in research, must be validated.

Some relationship constructs are best measured using self-report methods.

Self-reports can be biased and may not truly reflect the underlying construct.

Method of capturing behaviors in natural settings using diaries or surveys.

Allows for objective assessment of relationship behaviors.

Can be expensive and time-consuming, and influence behavior.

A measure of agreement among observers about behaviors.

Examines the relationship between variables without proving cause.

As one variable increases, so does the other (e.g., coffee and energy).

As one variable increases, the other decreases (e.g., coffee and sleep).

An unexamined variable that could influence both observed variables.

Set of expectations about caregivers' availability and responsiveness based on early experiences.

A bond formed when caregivers are consistently responsive, leading to higher relationship stability in adulthood.

A bond characterized by anxiety and lack of trust due to inconsistent caregiving.

Early attachment influences quality of later relationships and friendships.

The quality of support from parents during middle childhood affects adult relationships.

A psychological model explaining how infants bond with caregivers.

Attachment styles may vary based on cultural norms and values.

The ways in which secure attachment influences skills and behaviors are culturally specific.

A categorization of attachment styles acknowledging more complexity than three types.

Biologically-based behavioral styles affecting attachment development.

A temperament where babies show high levels of distress and negativity.

The ease with which a child can be comforted and calmed.

Emotions like guilt and pride that develop when infants understand others' reactions, typically from 18 to 24 months.

A test used to determine self-awareness in infants by checking if they recognize themselves in a mirror, typically passed by 15-18 months.

The understanding that others have thoughts, feelings, and perspectives different from one's own.

The ability to understand a situation from another person's point of view.

Patterns in how individuals relate to others, shaped by their environment and caregiving experiences.

Developmental phases of attachment: Pre-attachment, Attachment in making, True Attachment, and Reciprocal relationship.

The inability to differentiate one’s own perspective from that of others, common in young children.

The concept that attachments with primary caregivers are vital for survival and later emotional development.

The degree to which an individual perceives and reacts to potential rejection.

A framework to understand how partner behaviors and perceptions influence each other's relationship satisfaction.

Study method involving the manipulation of one or more variables to determine effects on other variables.

The variable that is intentionally manipulated in an experiment to observe its effect.

The variable that is measured in an experiment; it reflects the effect of the independent variable.

The likelihood that a relationship between variables is caused by something other than chance.

Visual representations of the variability of data in experiments, indicating the precision of data estimates.

The instinctual drive for humans to form social bonds for survival and well-being.