Podcast
Questions and Answers
Which attachment style is characterized by an unresponsive parent leading to avoidance of closeness by the child?
Which attachment style is characterized by an unresponsive parent leading to avoidance of closeness by the child?
Securely attached children see themselves as unworthy of love.
Securely attached children see themselves as unworthy of love.
False
What internal working model do children with secure attachment develop?
What internal working model do children with secure attachment develop?
Secure IWM
An anxious attachment style is often characterized by a child who clings to the caregiver but then __________.
An anxious attachment style is often characterized by a child who clings to the caregiver but then __________.
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Match the following attachment styles with their corresponding internal working models:
Match the following attachment styles with their corresponding internal working models:
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Which statement best describes a child with avoidant attachment?
Which statement best describes a child with avoidant attachment?
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What is the strongest predictor of an infant's secure or insecure attachment?
What is the strongest predictor of an infant's secure or insecure attachment?
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An insecurely attached child views the world positively and trusts others.
An insecurely attached child views the world positively and trusts others.
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Which theorist emphasized the importance of attachment throughout life stages?
Which theorist emphasized the importance of attachment throughout life stages?
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Close bonds formed in childhood do not influence self-esteem development.
Close bonds formed in childhood do not influence self-esteem development.
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What are the three systems mentioned that relate to attachment behavior?
What are the three systems mentioned that relate to attachment behavior?
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Secure attachment leads to better ______________ skills.
Secure attachment leads to better ______________ skills.
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Match the following concepts to their descriptions:
Match the following concepts to their descriptions:
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According to Harry Harlow's studies, children seek comfort from caregivers primarily due to:
According to Harry Harlow's studies, children seek comfort from caregivers primarily due to:
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What impact does secure attachment have on cognitive growth in childhood?
What impact does secure attachment have on cognitive growth in childhood?
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What is the central idea of John Bowlby's Theory of Attachment?
What is the central idea of John Bowlby's Theory of Attachment?
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How does classical conditioning relate to closeness seeking behaviors according to behaviorists?
How does classical conditioning relate to closeness seeking behaviors according to behaviorists?
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Describe the concept of the Care Seeking System in attachment theory.
Describe the concept of the Care Seeking System in attachment theory.
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What does research suggest about the impact of secure attachment on social skills?
What does research suggest about the impact of secure attachment on social skills?
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What role does the Exploratory System play in a child's development?
What role does the Exploratory System play in a child's development?
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According to Harry Harlow's studies, what primary need do children seek to fulfill through closeness with caregivers?
According to Harry Harlow's studies, what primary need do children seek to fulfill through closeness with caregivers?
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What are the potential outcomes for children who do not experience secure attachment?
What are the potential outcomes for children who do not experience secure attachment?
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Explain how the Care Giving System is significant in the context of attachment.
Explain how the Care Giving System is significant in the context of attachment.
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What underlying belief does a securely attached child develop about themselves and caregivers?
What underlying belief does a securely attached child develop about themselves and caregivers?
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How does an anxious attachment style manifest in a child's behavior towards their caregiver?
How does an anxious attachment style manifest in a child's behavior towards their caregiver?
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What does the Internal Working Model (IWM) represent in the context of attachment theory?
What does the Internal Working Model (IWM) represent in the context of attachment theory?
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What effect does an avoidant attachment style have on a child's trust in others?
What effect does an avoidant attachment style have on a child's trust in others?
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How might the childhood experiences of a child with a responsive parent impact their future relationships?
How might the childhood experiences of a child with a responsive parent impact their future relationships?
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What is the emotional state of a child who experiences inconsistent parenting?
What is the emotional state of a child who experiences inconsistent parenting?
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In attachment theory, how can the concept of 'I’m here, you’re worth it' be understood?
In attachment theory, how can the concept of 'I’m here, you’re worth it' be understood?
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What role does the caregiver's internal working model play in determining the attachment style of their child?
What role does the caregiver's internal working model play in determining the attachment style of their child?
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Study Notes
Attachment Styles
- Secure Attachment: Parent is responsive to child's needs, making the child feel seen, safe, soothed, and secure. The child uses the caregiver as both a secure base for exploration and a safe haven when distressed.
- Avoidant Attachment: Parent is unresponsive to the child's needs for closeness. The child demonstrates insecurity by avoiding the caregiver.
- Anxious Attachment: Parent is inconsistent or intrusive, leading to a child who clings to the caregiver, but then resists the closeness by fighting against it.
Internal Working Models (IWMs)
- Secure Attachment leads to Secure IWM.
- Avoidant Attachment leads to Dismissing IWM.
- Anxious Attachment leads to Preoccupied IWM.
Secure Attachment's Impact
- Securely attached children develop an internal working model of a responsive, loving, and reliable caregiver.
- They view themselves as worthy of love and attention.
- These assumptions influence their future relationships.
Insecure Attachment's Impact
- Insecurely attached children may perceive the world as dangerous and view others with caution.
- They may see themselves as ineffective and unworthy of love.
Importance of Caregiver's IWM
- The caregiver's internal working model (state of mind) is the strongest predictor of a child's secure or insecure attachment.
- The saying "We do unto others as we’re done to" highlights the influence of caregiver's IWM on the child's attachment.
Behaviorist View of Closeness Seeking
- Behaviorists argue that closeness seeking is learned behavior through classical conditioning (association with food) and operant conditioning (reinforcement).
- They believe closeness-seeking behaviors lead to dependence.
Harry Harlow's Research on Attachment
- Harlow's research demonstrated that children seek closeness not just for food, but for comfort, highlighting a primate need for comfort.
- Responding to closeness seeking does not create dependence but allows for independence.
John Bowlby's Theory of Attachment
- Bowlby's theory emphasizes the biological basis of attachment, suggesting an innate "Care Seeking System" driving the need for proximity to a specific person for comfort, protection, and feeling regulated.
- The "Exploratory System" is the innate curiosity and desire for mastery. It functions when the child feels safe to do so.
- The "Care Giving System" is the instinct to care for, comfort, and regulate the feelings of a specific person.
Benefits of Secure Attachment
- Secure attachment benefits include improved emotional regulation, self-esteem, school performance, social skills, and reduced aggression.
Attachment's Importance Throughout Life
- Attachment is central to our lives, influencing us throughout childhood, adolescence, and adulthood.
- Secure attachment provides the strength to overcome obstacles and the will to live fully.
Importance of Early Experiences
- Each individual carries a complex history of moments where they felt valued or unvalued, their needs met or unmet.
Behavioral View of Closeness Seeking Behaviors
- Closeness seeking behaviors are learned through classical conditioning and are reinforced through operant conditioning
- Caregiver has been associated with food
- Closeness seeking is seen as a learned behavior
- Responding to closeness seeking behaviors does not create dependence, rather it helps with independence
John Bowlby's Theory of Attachment
- Humans have an innate need for connection that drives our behavior
- Attachment is the basis for our emotional, cognitive, and social development
Care Seeking System
- An instinct to seek proximity to a specific person who will offer comfort, protection, and emotional regulation
- This system is activated when a child feels threatened or distressed
Exploratory System
- The instinct to follow one's curiosity and desire for mastery
- This system is activated when the child feels safe and secure
Care Giving System
- The instinct to monitor a specific person and to comfort and/or organize that person's feelings when necessary
- This is how parents and caregivers provide comfort and security to children
Benefits of Secure Attachment
- Emotional: Better regulation of emotions, increased self-esteem
- Cognitive: Improved school performance
- Social: Better social skills and less aggression
Attachment Styles
- Secure Attachment: Parent is responsive to child’s needs and child feels seen, safe, soothed, and secure; child uses caregiver as a secure base and safe haven
- Avoidant Attachment: Parent is unresponsive to child’s needs for closeness; child shows insecurity by avoiding caregiver
- Anxious Attachment: Parent is inconsistent or intrusive; child clings to caregiver and then resists by fighting against closeness
Internal Working Models (IWM)
- Childhood attachment strategies develop into IWMs which influence how we view ourselves and our relationships
- Secure Attachment → Secure IWM
- Avoidant Attachment → Dismissing IWM
- Anxious Attachment → Preoccupied IWM
Secure Attachment (IWM)
- A securely attached child will have an IWM of a responsive, loving, and reliable caregiver
- The child sees themselves as worthy of love and attention
- These assumptions are brought to bear on all other relationships
Insecure Attachment (IWM)
- An insecurely attached child may view the world as a dangerous place and other people as untrustworthy
- They are more likely to seek out validation from others
- They might feel a sense of worthlessness
Jude Cassidy's Internal Working Model
- Responsive Parent: The parent is consistently available and provide emotional support
- Secure State of Mind: The child feels safe, loved, and secure in their relationships
The Strongest Predictor
- The strongest predictor of secure or insecure attachment is the caregiver's internal working model
- "We do unto others as we're done to"- This is based on the idea that our own experiences with attachment, shape our own attachment styles
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Description
This quiz explores different attachment styles including secure, avoidant, and anxious attachments, and their effects on internal working models. Understand how these attachment dynamics influence children's development and future relationships. Test your knowledge on the concepts and implications surrounding attachment theory.
