Psychology Chapter: Concepts of Psychopathology

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Questions and Answers

Normal/abnormal refer to _, while adaptive/maladaptive refer to _.

Psychopathology, functioning

Effectiveness, statistical deviance

Functioning, psychopathology

Statistical deviance, effectiveness (correct)

Which conception of psychopathology involves determining psychopathology only by involuntary behavior?

Dyscontrol or dysregulation (correct)

DSM/ICD

Social deviance

Statistical deviance

Harmful dysfunction

Which conception of psychopathology involves creation of a taxonomy?

Statistical deviance

Dyscontrol or dysregulation

DSM/ICD (correct)

Harmful dysfunction

Social deviance

Which conception of psychopathology involves determining psychopathology by measuring deviance from the norm?

Statistical deviance (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which is a major difference between the social deviance vs. statistical abnormality conceptualizations of psychopathology?

Social deviance uses cultural rules, while statistical abnormality uses tests and measures to determine psychopathology (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which conception of psychopathology involves in a way based upon evolution?

Harmful dysfunction (B) Signup and view all the answers

The notion that development consists of a set of interrelated domains that exert transactional effects refers to:

Holism (E) Signup and view all the answers

The dynamics transactions that occur among developing systems cuts across developmental systems and affects the course of development refers to:

Developmental cascades (C) Signup and view all the answers

Multifinality refers to:

Individuals may begin at a common starting point but the resultant pathways from that origin may diverge to other outcomes. (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is FALSE about developmental psychopathology?

Developmental psychopathology is the single theory that can best explain the diverse nature of psychopathology (D) Signup and view all the answers

Comorbidity refers to:

The co-existence of two or more disorders (A) Signup and view all the answers

With development, children's behavior becomes more flexible with increased organization and differentiation refers to:

Differentiation of modes and goals (C) Signup and view all the answers

Earlier, more undifferentiated forms of behavior become hierarchically integrated into later forms of behavior refers to:

Mobility of behavioral function (D) Signup and view all the answers

The notion that children are active shapers of their environment and not passive recipients of experience refers to:

Directedness (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which neuroimaging approach involves measuring changes in magnetic field properties due to oxygenated versus deoxygenated blood?

functional magnetic resonance imaging (A) Signup and view all the answers

The proportion of the variability in psychological symptoms or traits that can be attributed to genetic variability refers to:

Heritability (D) Signup and view all the answers

This neurotransmitter is especially involved in reward and reinforcement, motor function, and cognition and attention.

Dopamine (C) Signup and view all the answers

This neurotransmitter is involved in attention and memory

Serotonin (B), Acetylcholine (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which neuroimaging approach involves radioactively labeled substances being introduced into the bloodstream, where they are taken up into the brain?

Positive emission tomography (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which part of the brain is important in emotion processing?

Right hemisphere (B) Signup and view all the answers

This neurotransmitter is associated with behavioral and emotional regulation

Serotonin (A) Signup and view all the answers

This neurotransmitter is the primary excitatory neurotransmitter in the adult brain

Glutamate (E) Signup and view all the answers

This neurotransmitter is involved in the flight or fight response

Epinephrine (B) Signup and view all the answers

This refers to a cluster or group of co-occurring symptoms that represents a cultural pattern of distress.

Cultural syndromes (D) Signup and view all the answers

This involves an explanatory model of distress focused on specific causal factors rather than on a core of symptoms or experiences.

Cultural explanation (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following was NOT one of the Collaborative Psychiatric Epidemiology Surveys?

Adult psychiatric morbidity study (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which disorder or phenomenon involves trembling, attacks of crying, screaming uncontrollably, and verbal or physical aggression?

Ataques de nervios (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which disorder or phenomenon involves criticism, hostility, and emotional involvement?

Expressed emotion (C) Signup and view all the answers

This refers to ways of talking about suffering that are not associated with a core set of syndromes or causes.

Cultural idioms of distress (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which is true about misdiagnosis of antisocial personality disorder?

A diagnosis of antisocial personality disorder is more likely to occur for males (B) Signup and view all the answers

This is when a test item has different measurement properties for different groups.

Differential item functioning (D) Signup and view all the answers

Men are more likely to _ while women are more likely to _.

delay seeking treatment; seek treatment in general (A) Signup and view all the answers

This occurs when masculine or feminine persons are more likely to endorse an item

Gender bias in measurement (A) Signup and view all the answers

Generally speaking, when are clinicians more accurate in making a diagnosis?

When the gender and race of the case are the same as those of the clinician (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which is true about misdiagnosis of schizophrenia?

Black and Hispanic patients were more likely than White patients to be misdiagnosed with schizophrenia when symptoms suggest psychotic affective disorders. (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary distinction between the DSM and ICD?

The ICD has a research and a clinican version, while the DSM has only one version. (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the current focus of the DSM 5?

Neurobiological (B) Signup and view all the answers

What type of information is excluded from the DSM-IV-TR?

Treatment (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the current version of the DSM?

V (B) Signup and view all the answers

Using a less-effective therapy as a control condition is an example of what type of control?

Waitlist control (C), Alternative therapy control (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which type of research investigates variables such as therapist behaviors and interactions with the client?

Process research (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which is not true about a waiting list control?

Clients do not receive treatment at all (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is a major difference between probably efficacious and efficacious ESTs?

More than one research group has validated the treatment in efficacious ESTs, while only one group is needed for probably-efficacious ESTs. (D) Signup and view all the answers

What term refers to comparing effectiveness of a therapy to other published measures?

Benchmarking (D) Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Question 1 and Answer Key

Normal/abnormal refers to statistical deviance/effectiveness; adaptive/maladaptive refers to psychopathology/functioning
Which conception of psychopathology involves determining psychopathology only by involuntary behavior? Harmful dysfunction.

Question 2 and Answer Key

Which conception of psychopathology involves creation of a taxonomy? DSM/ICD
Which conception of psychopathology involves determining psychopathology by measuring deviance from the norm? Statistical deviance

Question 3 and Answer Key

Major difference between social deviance vs. statistical abnormality? Social deviance uses cultural rules, statistical abnormality uses tests and measures to determine psychopathology.

Question 4 and Answer Key

Which conception of psychopathology involves a way based upon evolution? Harmful dysfunction.

Question 5 and Answer Key

Comorbidity refers to the co-existence of two or more disorders.

Question 6 and Answer Key

Multifinality refers to multiple pathways to a single outcome.

Question 7 and Answer Key

Equifinality refers to multiple pathways to a single outcome.

Question 8 and Answer Key

Developmental psychopathology involves the integration of multiple levels of analysis; understanding psychological functioning throughout the lifespan.
The notion that children actively shape their environment, not just passively receiving experience, is called differentiation of modes and goals.

Question 9 and Answer Key

Which neuroimaging approach involves measuring changes in magnetic fields due to oxygenated vs. deoxygenated blood? Functional magnetic resonance imaging
What is the primary difference between DSM and ICD? ICD has a research and clinician version whereas DSM has only one version.

Question 10 and Answer Key

The proportion of variability attributable to genetics is known as heritability.
This neurotransmitter is involved in reward and reinforcement, motor function, and cognition and attention: glutamate.
Functional neuroimaging approach radioactively labels substances for brain activity mapping: positive emission tomography.
Which brain hemisphere is associated with emotional processing?: right hemisphere.

Question 11 and Answer Key

What type of information is excluded from the DSM-IV-TR? Treatment
What is the current version of the DSM?: V
Using a less-effective therapy as a control is an example of what type of control?: placebo control.
Which type of research investigates therapist behavior and interaction with client?: Psychotherapy research.

Question 12 and Answer Key

Differences between probably efficacious and efficacious treatments: Efficacious treatments involve testing against a known effective treatment, whereas probably efficacious treatments have less than five publications demonstrating effectiveness.
Which term refers to comparing the effectiveness of a therapy to other published measures?: Benchmarking
Which is not a control method in psychology?: alternative therapy control

Question 13 and Answer Key

Clinicians are more accurate in making diagnosis when the gender and race of the case match the clinicians: true
This is when a test item has different measurement properties for different groups?: Differential item functioning
Which is true about misdiagnosis of schizophrenia?: Black and Hispanic patients were more likely misdiagnosed with schizophrenia when symptoms suggested psychotic affective disorders.

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Description

Test your understanding of key concepts in psychopathology, including normal vs. abnormal behavior, statistical deviance, and harmful dysfunction. This quiz explores various taxonomies like DSM and ICD, as well as the implications of cultural rules on social deviance. Challenge your knowledge of these foundational ideas and their applications in psychology.