Podcast
Questions and Answers
Which technique is NOT included in social skills training for individuals with social anxiety disorder?
Which technique is NOT included in social skills training for individuals with social anxiety disorder?
- Role-playing exercises
- The exposure technique (correct)
- Feedback and reinforcement
- Social interaction practice
What does the sociocultural approach to generalized anxiety disorders fail to explain?
What does the sociocultural approach to generalized anxiety disorders fail to explain?
- The prevalence of anxiety disorders in society
- The biological causes of anxiety
- The effectiveness of therapy for anxiety
- Why everyone who experiences danger doesn’t develop generalized anxiety (correct)
Which of the following is NOT a behavioral technique used in social skills training?
Which of the following is NOT a behavioral technique used in social skills training?
- Behavioral rehearsal
- Modeling
- Cognitive restructuring
- The exposure technique (correct)
According to the cognitive-behavioral perspective, individuals with panic disorder may interpret bodily sensations as:
According to the cognitive-behavioral perspective, individuals with panic disorder may interpret bodily sensations as:
Which age group is more likely to suffer from specific disorders than others?
Which age group is more likely to suffer from specific disorders than others?
Which of the following is a characteristic of individuals with social anxiety disorder?
Which of the following is a characteristic of individuals with social anxiety disorder?
Why might the sociocultural approach to anxiety be limited?
Why might the sociocultural approach to anxiety be limited?
Cognitive-behavioral therapy for panic disorder often addresses what specific issue?
Cognitive-behavioral therapy for panic disorder often addresses what specific issue?
What therapy technique involves a therapist demonstrating how to confront a feared object, as in the case of Drew and the snakes?
What therapy technique involves a therapist demonstrating how to confront a feared object, as in the case of Drew and the snakes?
In the context of phobia treatment, what does the virtual reality technique help to simulate?
In the context of phobia treatment, what does the virtual reality technique help to simulate?
Which of the following is NOT a possible outcome for treatment in individuals with agoraphobia compared to those with specific phobias?
Which of the following is NOT a possible outcome for treatment in individuals with agoraphobia compared to those with specific phobias?
What is a key characteristic of therapy involving virtual reality for phobia treatment?
What is a key characteristic of therapy involving virtual reality for phobia treatment?
When comparing treatment effects, what is often observed in persons with specific phobias as opposed to those with agoraphobia?
When comparing treatment effects, what is often observed in persons with specific phobias as opposed to those with agoraphobia?
What distinguishes fear from anxiety?
What distinguishes fear from anxiety?
What is the estimated percentage of individuals who will experience an anxiety disorder in their lifetime?
What is the estimated percentage of individuals who will experience an anxiety disorder in their lifetime?
What phobia is illustrated by Arthur's inability to enter grocery stores?
What phobia is illustrated by Arthur's inability to enter grocery stores?
For a diagnosis of generalized anxiety disorder, how long must symptoms persist according to the DSM-5-TR?
For a diagnosis of generalized anxiety disorder, how long must symptoms persist according to the DSM-5-TR?
Which category encompasses the most common mental disorders in the United States?
Which category encompasses the most common mental disorders in the United States?
Which condition is NOT classified as an anxiety disorder?
Which condition is NOT classified as an anxiety disorder?
How is generalized anxiety disorder different from other anxiety disorders?
How is generalized anxiety disorder different from other anxiety disorders?
What is a common symptom of agoraphobia?
What is a common symptom of agoraphobia?
What does the phenomenon of preparedness in phobias suggest?
What does the phenomenon of preparedness in phobias suggest?
Which of the following best describes systematic desensitization?
Which of the following best describes systematic desensitization?
What is the primary goal of relaxation training in the context of phobia treatment?
What is the primary goal of relaxation training in the context of phobia treatment?
In the process of treating arachnophobia, what comes after constructing a fear hierarchy?
In the process of treating arachnophobia, what comes after constructing a fear hierarchy?
What is a key characteristic of prepared phobias?
What is a key characteristic of prepared phobias?
Which approach is a common method for dealing with phobic disorders?
Which approach is a common method for dealing with phobic disorders?
What would NOT be an appropriate component of treating someone with a phobia?
What would NOT be an appropriate component of treating someone with a phobia?
How does systematic desensitization begin?
How does systematic desensitization begin?
What concept do many cognitive-behavioral therapists believe is a contributing factor to generalized anxiety disorder?
What concept do many cognitive-behavioral therapists believe is a contributing factor to generalized anxiety disorder?
Which term refers to the inaccurate and inappropriate beliefs held by individuals with psychological issues?
Which term refers to the inaccurate and inappropriate beliefs held by individuals with psychological issues?
When a person perceives every setback as a total disaster, which type of assumption are they displaying?
When a person perceives every setback as a total disaster, which type of assumption are they displaying?
What type of assumption is displayed by someone who believes they must be flawless in all areas of life?
What type of assumption is displayed by someone who believes they must be flawless in all areas of life?
What therapeutic approach involves clients challenging and replacing faulty assumptions?
What therapeutic approach involves clients challenging and replacing faulty assumptions?
What therapy was developed by Albert Ellis to address generalized anxiety disorder?
What therapy was developed by Albert Ellis to address generalized anxiety disorder?
What do generalized anxiety disorder and basic irrational assumptions have in common?
What do generalized anxiety disorder and basic irrational assumptions have in common?
Which of the following is a characteristic feature of basic irrational assumptions?
Which of the following is a characteristic feature of basic irrational assumptions?
How does rational-emotive therapy aim to alleviate anxiety?
How does rational-emotive therapy aim to alleviate anxiety?
What cognitive distortion involves viewing a situation as entirely negative with no positive outcome?
What cognitive distortion involves viewing a situation as entirely negative with no positive outcome?
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Study Notes
Preparedness
- People are more likely to develop phobias of things like spiders and the dark than objects like computers and radios.
- This is an example of preparedness: a biological predisposition to develop certain fears.
Systematic Desensitization
- A form of therapy used to treat phobias.
- It involves three steps: relaxation training, fear hierarchy construction, and graded pairings of feared objects and relaxation responses.
Fear vs. Anxiety
- Fear involves a specific, present threat.
- Anxiety involves a future, anticipated threat.
Anxiety Disorders
- Nearly 31% of people will develop an anxiety disorder at some point in their lives.
Agoraphobia
- A fear of open spaces or situations where escape might be difficult.
- People with agoraphobia often avoid public places like grocery stores.
Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD)
- Characterized by persistent and excessive worry over multiple domains of life.
- For a diagnosis of GAD, symptoms must be present for at least 6 months.
Most Common Mental Disorders
- Anxiety disorders are the most common mental disorders in the United States.
Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD)
- Not considered an anxiety disorder despite its association with anxiety.
Types of Anxiety Disorders
- Social skills training for social anxiety disorder involves behavioral strategies to improve social interactions.
- Exposure therapy is not a component of social skills training.
Sociocultural Perspective on GAD
- The sociocultural perspective can't fully explain why not everyone exposed to danger develops GAD.
Cognitive-Behavioral Perspective on Panic Disorder
- Individuals with panic disorder may be hyper-sensitive to bodily sensations.
- They may misinterpret these sensations as signs of a medical catastrophe.
Anxiety Disorders and Age
- Elderly individuals are more likely to experience anxiety disorders than other age groups.
Maladaptive Assumptions and GAD
- Many cognitive-behavioral therapists believe that GAD is caused by maladaptive assumptions.
Basic Irrational Assumptions
- Inaccurate and inappropriate beliefs held by people with various psychological problems are referred to as basic irrational assumptions.
Examples of Irrational Assumptions
- "Everything is a disaster and nothing good will ever happen."
- "I must be competent and perfect in all aspects of my life."
Rational-Emotive Therapy (RET)
- A form of therapy developed by Albert Ellis that challenges faulty assumptions and replaces them with healthier ones.
Treatment for GAD
- Ellis's therapy for GAD involves direct confrontation of irrational beliefs and teaching the client to challenge them.
Modeling in Phobia Therapy
- A therapist might model how to handle a feared object (like a snake) to help a phobic person overcome their fear.
Virtual Reality Therapy for Phobias
- Uses computer graphics to simulate real-world situations in therapy, allowing phobic individuals to confront their fears in a controlled environment.
Treatment Outcomes for Phobias
- Individuals with agoraphobia tend to have poorer treatment outcomes compared to those with specific phobias.
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