29 Questions
Which of the following is a characteristic of Post-traumatic stress disorder?
Exposure to actual death or violence
What is one of the diagnostic criteria for Social Anxiety Disorder?
Fear of being judged harshly by others
What duration does a phobia need to persist for in order to be diagnosed?
More than 6 months
Which disorder may present as a panic attack when exposed to the phobic object/situation?
Specific Phobia
What impact must a phobia have on daily routine/social functioning for it to be significant?
Severe impact
What is a common manifestation of post-traumatic stress disorder's intrusion symptoms?
Recurrent, involuntary distressing memories or dreams of a traumatic event
Which group is a growing demographic affected by post-traumatic stress disorder according to the text?
First responders and healthcare personnel
What is an example of arousal and reactivity symptoms in post-traumatic stress disorder?
Sleep disturbances and difficulty concentrating
Which is a characteristic of negative alterations in cognition or mood in post-traumatic stress disorder?
Inability to experience positive emotions
What is a key requirement for the duration of symptoms in diagnosing post-traumatic stress disorder?
> 1 month
Which category of symptoms in PTSD includes involuntary distressing memories or dreams?
Intrusion symptoms
What is a common feature among patients with Obsessive Compulsive Disorder (OCD) regarding their awareness of obsessions and compulsions?
They usually have good insight regarding the illogical nature of their obsessions and compulsions.
Which area of the brain is primarily activated in response to fear in the neurobiology of anxiety disorders?
Locus coeruleus
What effect does activation of the amygdala have on emotional responses?
Triggers emotional 'fear' responses
Which disorder shares a similar neurobiology with Obsessive Compulsive Disorder (OCD)?
Body dysmorphic disorder
Which system in the brain is activated by the hypothalamus in response to fear?
Sympathetic nervous system
Which midbrain nucleus is responsible for releasing norepinephrine (NE) in the fear response?
Locus coeruleus
What is the primary reason for increased likelihood of dependence when the dose of benzodiazepines is increased?
The brain requires the drug to generate normal amounts of GABA activity.
Which of the following is NOT a mild withdrawal symptom associated with short-term or low-dose benzodiazepine use?
Hallucinations and paranoia
What is the recommended practice when a patient experiences a few nights of poor sleep after discontinuing benzodiazepines?
Counsel the patient to expect these symptoms and do not prescribe a new benzodiazepine.
Which of the following is NOT a severe withdrawal symptom associated with abrupt discontinuation of long-term or high-dose benzodiazepine use?
Muscle cramps
What is the rationale behind the statement: "Withdrawal symptoms can also occur during chronic drug use – why?"
The brain becomes dependent on the drug's presence and experiences withdrawal symptoms even during chronic use.
According to the information provided, what is the minimum duration of benzodiazepine use that increases the likelihood of tolerance, dependence, and several withdrawal symptoms?
14-21 days
What is the primary concern with using flumazenil to treat a multi-drug overdose involving benzodiazepines like diazepam?
It can precipitate seizures in patients who are dependent on benzodiazepines.
What is the primary concern with using benzodiazepines to treat insomnia?
All of the above are potential concerns associated with using benzodiazepines to treat insomnia.
If a patient had received a benzodiazepine during an in-office procedure and was subsequently given flumazenil to reverse its effects, what potential issue could arise?
The patient may experience withdrawal symptoms, as flumazenil abruptly reverses the effects of the benzodiazepine.
What is the primary mechanism of action of flumazenil in reversing the effects of benzodiazepines?
It is a competitive inhibitor of benzodiazepine receptors, blocking their binding.
Which of the following statements regarding the use of benzodiazepines is true?
Prolonged use can lead to downregulation of GABA receptors, requiring higher doses for the same effect.
What is a potential therapeutic use of flumazenil mentioned in the text?
Both a) and b) are potential therapeutic uses of flumazenil mentioned in the text.
Learn about the diagnostic criteria for common phobias which include immediate fear or anxiety responses, avoidance behavior, and impact on daily functioning. The criteria include the disproportionate fear compared to actual danger and the duration of symptoms lasting over 6 months.
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