Anxiety, Phobias, PTSD

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Which of the following is a characteristic of Post-traumatic stress disorder?

Fear of spiders

Exposure to actual death or violence (correct)

Fear of public speaking

Fear of heights

What is one of the diagnostic criteria for Social Anxiety Disorder?

Enjoying public speaking

Fear of being judged harshly by others (correct)

Being excessively organized

Constant feeling of happiness in social situations

What duration does a phobia need to persist for in order to be diagnosed?

Less than a month

More than 6 months (correct)

4 months

3 months

Which disorder may present as a panic attack when exposed to the phobic object/situation?

Specific Phobia Signup and view all the answers

What impact must a phobia have on daily routine/social functioning for it to be significant?

Severe impact Signup and view all the answers

What is a common manifestation of post-traumatic stress disorder's intrusion symptoms?

Recurrent, involuntary distressing memories or dreams of a traumatic event Signup and view all the answers

Which group is a growing demographic affected by post-traumatic stress disorder according to the text?

First responders and healthcare personnel Signup and view all the answers

What is an example of arousal and reactivity symptoms in post-traumatic stress disorder?

Sleep disturbances and difficulty concentrating Signup and view all the answers

Which is a characteristic of negative alterations in cognition or mood in post-traumatic stress disorder?

Inability to experience positive emotions Signup and view all the answers

What is a key requirement for the duration of symptoms in diagnosing post-traumatic stress disorder?

> 1 month Signup and view all the answers

Which category of symptoms in PTSD includes involuntary distressing memories or dreams?

Intrusion symptoms Signup and view all the answers

What is a common feature among patients with Obsessive Compulsive Disorder (OCD) regarding their awareness of obsessions and compulsions?

They usually have good insight regarding the illogical nature of their obsessions and compulsions. Signup and view all the answers

Which area of the brain is primarily activated in response to fear in the neurobiology of anxiety disorders?

Locus coeruleus Signup and view all the answers

What effect does activation of the amygdala have on emotional responses?

Triggers emotional 'fear' responses Signup and view all the answers

Which disorder shares a similar neurobiology with Obsessive Compulsive Disorder (OCD)?

Body dysmorphic disorder Signup and view all the answers

Which system in the brain is activated by the hypothalamus in response to fear?

Sympathetic nervous system Signup and view all the answers

Which midbrain nucleus is responsible for releasing norepinephrine (NE) in the fear response?

Locus coeruleus Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary reason for increased likelihood of dependence when the dose of benzodiazepines is increased?

The brain requires the drug to generate normal amounts of GABA activity. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a mild withdrawal symptom associated with short-term or low-dose benzodiazepine use?

Hallucinations and paranoia Signup and view all the answers

What is the recommended practice when a patient experiences a few nights of poor sleep after discontinuing benzodiazepines?

Counsel the patient to expect these symptoms and do not prescribe a new benzodiazepine. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a severe withdrawal symptom associated with abrupt discontinuation of long-term or high-dose benzodiazepine use?

Muscle cramps Signup and view all the answers

What is the rationale behind the statement: "Withdrawal symptoms can also occur during chronic drug use – why?"

The brain becomes dependent on the drug's presence and experiences withdrawal symptoms even during chronic use. Signup and view all the answers

According to the information provided, what is the minimum duration of benzodiazepine use that increases the likelihood of tolerance, dependence, and several withdrawal symptoms?

14-21 days Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary concern with using flumazenil to treat a multi-drug overdose involving benzodiazepines like diazepam?

It can precipitate seizures in patients who are dependent on benzodiazepines. Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary concern with using benzodiazepines to treat insomnia?

All of the above are potential concerns associated with using benzodiazepines to treat insomnia. Signup and view all the answers

If a patient had received a benzodiazepine during an in-office procedure and was subsequently given flumazenil to reverse its effects, what potential issue could arise?

The patient may experience withdrawal symptoms, as flumazenil abruptly reverses the effects of the benzodiazepine. Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary mechanism of action of flumazenil in reversing the effects of benzodiazepines?

It is a competitive inhibitor of benzodiazepine receptors, blocking their binding. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements regarding the use of benzodiazepines is true?

Prolonged use can lead to downregulation of GABA receptors, requiring higher doses for the same effect. Signup and view all the answers

What is a potential therapeutic use of flumazenil mentioned in the text?

Both a) and b) are potential therapeutic uses of flumazenil mentioned in the text. Signup and view all the answers