Anxiety, Phobias, PTSD
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Questions and Answers

Which of the following is a characteristic of Post-traumatic stress disorder?

  • Fear of spiders
  • Exposure to actual death or violence (correct)
  • Fear of public speaking
  • Fear of heights

What is one of the diagnostic criteria for Social Anxiety Disorder?

  • Enjoying public speaking
  • Fear of being judged harshly by others (correct)
  • Being excessively organized
  • Constant feeling of happiness in social situations

What duration does a phobia need to persist for in order to be diagnosed?

  • Less than a month
  • More than 6 months (correct)
  • 4 months
  • 3 months

Which disorder may present as a panic attack when exposed to the phobic object/situation?

<p>Specific Phobia (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What impact must a phobia have on daily routine/social functioning for it to be significant?

<p>Severe impact (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a common manifestation of post-traumatic stress disorder's intrusion symptoms?

<p>Recurrent, involuntary distressing memories or dreams of a traumatic event (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which group is a growing demographic affected by post-traumatic stress disorder according to the text?

<p>First responders and healthcare personnel (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is an example of arousal and reactivity symptoms in post-traumatic stress disorder?

<p>Sleep disturbances and difficulty concentrating (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which is a characteristic of negative alterations in cognition or mood in post-traumatic stress disorder?

<p>Inability to experience positive emotions (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a key requirement for the duration of symptoms in diagnosing post-traumatic stress disorder?

<p>&gt; 1 month (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which category of symptoms in PTSD includes involuntary distressing memories or dreams?

<p>Intrusion symptoms (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a common feature among patients with Obsessive Compulsive Disorder (OCD) regarding their awareness of obsessions and compulsions?

<p>They usually have good insight regarding the illogical nature of their obsessions and compulsions. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which area of the brain is primarily activated in response to fear in the neurobiology of anxiety disorders?

<p>Locus coeruleus (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What effect does activation of the amygdala have on emotional responses?

<p>Triggers emotional 'fear' responses (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which disorder shares a similar neurobiology with Obsessive Compulsive Disorder (OCD)?

<p>Body dysmorphic disorder (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which system in the brain is activated by the hypothalamus in response to fear?

<p>Sympathetic nervous system (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which midbrain nucleus is responsible for releasing norepinephrine (NE) in the fear response?

<p>Locus coeruleus (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary reason for increased likelihood of dependence when the dose of benzodiazepines is increased?

<p>The brain requires the drug to generate normal amounts of GABA activity. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a mild withdrawal symptom associated with short-term or low-dose benzodiazepine use?

<p>Hallucinations and paranoia (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the recommended practice when a patient experiences a few nights of poor sleep after discontinuing benzodiazepines?

<p>Counsel the patient to expect these symptoms and do not prescribe a new benzodiazepine. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a severe withdrawal symptom associated with abrupt discontinuation of long-term or high-dose benzodiazepine use?

<p>Muscle cramps (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the rationale behind the statement: "Withdrawal symptoms can also occur during chronic drug use – why?"

<p>The brain becomes dependent on the drug's presence and experiences withdrawal symptoms even during chronic use. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

According to the information provided, what is the minimum duration of benzodiazepine use that increases the likelihood of tolerance, dependence, and several withdrawal symptoms?

<p>14-21 days (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary concern with using flumazenil to treat a multi-drug overdose involving benzodiazepines like diazepam?

<p>It can precipitate seizures in patients who are dependent on benzodiazepines. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary concern with using benzodiazepines to treat insomnia?

<p>All of the above are potential concerns associated with using benzodiazepines to treat insomnia. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

If a patient had received a benzodiazepine during an in-office procedure and was subsequently given flumazenil to reverse its effects, what potential issue could arise?

<p>The patient may experience withdrawal symptoms, as flumazenil abruptly reverses the effects of the benzodiazepine. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary mechanism of action of flumazenil in reversing the effects of benzodiazepines?

<p>It is a competitive inhibitor of benzodiazepine receptors, blocking their binding. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements regarding the use of benzodiazepines is true?

<p>Prolonged use can lead to downregulation of GABA receptors, requiring higher doses for the same effect. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a potential therapeutic use of flumazenil mentioned in the text?

<p>Both a) and b) are potential therapeutic uses of flumazenil mentioned in the text. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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