Psychology Chapter on Anxiety Disorders
30 Questions
0 Views

Choose a study mode

Play Quiz
Study Flashcards
Spaced Repetition
Chat to Lesson

Podcast

Play an AI-generated podcast conversation about this lesson

Questions and Answers

Which characteristic distinguishes normal anxiety from abnormal anxiety?

  • Normal anxiety has more features than abnormal anxiety.
  • Abnormal anxiety involves apprehension that is out of proportion to the external stimulus. (correct)
  • Normal anxiety is always severe and debilitating.
  • Apprehension is always present in normal anxiety.

    • What is a notable feature of normal anxiety?

  • It always leads to abnormal behavior.
  • its features are few. (correct)
  • It includes numerous distressing symptoms.
  • It is often irrational and excessive.

    • In what way does the apprehension of abnormal anxiety manifest?

  • It usually resolves quickly after the stimulus disappears.
  • It is closely tied to realistic threats.
  • It is consistently out of proportion to the external stimulus. (correct)
  • It is mostly occasional and manageable.

    • How can normal anxiety be effectively defined?

    <p>Anxiety that is proportional to external stimuli. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common complication associated with anxiety disorders?

    <p>House-Bound Syndrome (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the estimated percentage of individuals with anxiety disorders that also exhibit depressive symptoms?

    <p>30% (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is generally true about the features associated with abnormal anxiety?

    <p>They can include a wide range of symptoms. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which medication type is NOT typically used in the treatment of anxiety disorders?

    <p>Beta-blockers (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What therapy technique involves creating a hierarchy of anxiety-provoking situations?

    <p>Cognitive-Behavior Therapy (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In individuals with anxiety disorders, what is the rate of comorbidity with panic disorder?

    <p>90% (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary characteristic of a phobia?

    <p>Excessive and irrational fear (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a symptom of phobia?

    <p>Feeling calm and collected (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How is a phobia typically recognized by the individual experiencing it?

    <p>As an excessive and irrational fear (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What kind of impact does a phobia have on daily functioning?

    <p>It causes distress and dysfunction (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement best describes avoidance in the context of phobia?

    <p>Avoidance often occurs while acknowledging the fear is irrational (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What characterizes the social situations in this context?

    <p>They are avoided or endured with intense fear or anxiety. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the typical duration for the fear, anxiety, or avoidance to be considered significant?

    <p>Persistent, lasting for 6 months or more (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What emotional response is common in social situations as described?

    <p>Intense fear or anxiety (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best describes the action taken towards social situations in this context?

    <p>Social situations are either avoided or endured. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is the persistence of fear or anxiety important in this context?

    <p>It shows that the individual may be experiencing a significant issue. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common characteristic of intrusive thoughts in certain conditions?

    <p>Sexual or blasphemous content (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which approach is identified as the most effective treatment for certain mental health conditions?

    <p>Pharmaco-behavioral approach (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which class of drugs is commonly used in the treatment of obsessive conditions?

    <p>Antiobsessional drugs (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a symptom associated with certain psychological conditions?

    <p>Strong sense of well-being (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one of the first steps in treating mental health conditions according to the provided content?

    <p>Explaining the nature of the illness (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which class of antidepressants does moclobemide belong to?

    <p>Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors (MAOIs) (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What condition is characterized by a marked irrational persistent fear of a specific object or situation?

    <p>Phobia (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a required duration for a phobia to be diagnosed?

    <p>6 months (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is not a characteristic of phobia?

    <p>Presence of associated psychiatric problems (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which medication is an example of a serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor (SNRI)?

    <p>Venlafaxine (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Flashcards

    Phobia

    An extreme and irrational fear of a specific object or situation.

    Fear

    The feeling of intense fear or dread.

    Avoidance

    To stay away from something because it's frightening.

    Recognized as excessive

    Realizing that your fear is disproportionate to the actual threat.

    Signup and view all the flashcards

    Distress and dysfunction

    The feeling of unease or anxiety that impacts daily functioning.

    Signup and view all the flashcards

    Normal Anxiety

    Anxiety that is directly related to the situation causing it, and its intensity matches the perceived threat.

    Signup and view all the flashcards

    Abnormal Anxiety

    Anxiety that is excessive or out of proportion to the real threat. It can be intense and overwhelming.

    Signup and view all the flashcards

    Apprehension

    The feeling of fear or worry that is a common human experience. It helps us stay safe and alert.

    Signup and view all the flashcards

    Features of anxiety

    These are the physical and emotional symptoms of anxiety, such as a racing heart, sweating, and difficulty concentrating.

    Signup and view all the flashcards

    Few features of anxiety

    When a person experiences very few features of anxiety in response to a real threat.

    Signup and view all the flashcards

    Phobia Diagnostic Criteria

    A condition where fear, anxiety, or avoidance causes significant distress or impairment in daily life.

    Signup and view all the flashcards

    House-Bound Syndrome

    The inability to leave one's home due to fear or anxiety, often associated with phobias.

    Signup and view all the flashcards

    Dependence in Phobias

    A common complication of phobias where individuals become overly reliant on others for everyday tasks like driving or shopping.

    Signup and view all the flashcards

    Comorbidity of Panic Disorder and Phobias

    A frequent co-occurrence of panic disorder in individuals with phobias, with estimates suggesting up to 90% of people with phobias also experience panic.

    Signup and view all the flashcards

    Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy for Phobias

    A therapeutic approach that utilizes specific techniques to address the underlying thoughts and behaviors associated with phobias.

    Signup and view all the flashcards

    Social Avoidance or Endurance

    The individual actively avoids or tolerates social situations with intense fear or anxiety.

    Signup and view all the flashcards

    Persistent Fear or Avoidance

    The fear, anxiety, or avoidance related to social situations is persistent, lasting at least six months.

    Signup and view all the flashcards

    Fear Disproportionate to the Threat

    The fear or anxiety experienced in social situations is disproportionate to the actual threat posed by the specific situation.

    Signup and view all the flashcards

    Social Anxiety's Impact on Functioning

    The fear, anxiety, or avoidance significantly interferes with the person's daily life, work, school, or social activities.

    Signup and view all the flashcards

    Significant Distress and Impairment

    The fear of social situations causes significant distress and impairment in the individual's life.

    Signup and view all the flashcards

    Avoidance in Phobias

    The tendency to deliberately avoid the triggering object or situation associated with a phobia.

    Signup and view all the flashcards

    Impairment in Phobias

    The consistent and significant disruption of everyday life due to a phobia, hindering a person's ability to work, socialize, or engage in activities they enjoy.

    Signup and view all the flashcards

    Time Duration for Phobia Diagnosis

    The duration of symptoms required to diagnose a phobia. The fear and avoidance must last for at least 6 months.

    Signup and view all the flashcards

    Specific Phobias

    Specific types of phobias that target particular objects like spiders or storms.

    Signup and view all the flashcards

    Repeated Doubts

    Recurring, intrusive doubts about whether an action was performed correctly, such as washing your hands or saying your prayers, leading to repetitive behaviors like washing or checking.

    Signup and view all the flashcards

    Symmetry Obsession

    A desire for things to be perfectly balanced or symmetrical, leading to rituals or behaviors that aim to restore order.

    Signup and view all the flashcards

    Intrusive Thoughts

    Unwanted, intrusive thoughts that are often disturbing, graphic, or blasphemous. These thoughts cause significant distress but are not acted upon.

    Signup and view all the flashcards

    Antiobsessional Drugs

    These drugs are often used to treat OCD and can help reduce the frequency and intensity of obsessions and compulsions.

    Signup and view all the flashcards

    Pharmaco-behavioral Approach

    A combination of medication and therapy tailored to manage OCD symptoms. It addresses both behavioral and psychological aspects.

    Signup and view all the flashcards

    Study Notes

    Anxiety Disorders

    • Anxiety disorders are characterized by excessive fear, worry, and apprehension.
    • Fear is a response to a known, external, definite threat.
    • Anxiety warns of impending danger, allowing a person to prepare for the threat.
    • Phobias involve irrational fears, avoidance, and are recognized as excessive.

    Normal vs. Abnormal Anxiety

    • Normal Anxiety: Apprehension is proportional to the external stimulus, and anxiety is brief and not severe. Attention is focused on the external threat, not the person's feelings.
    • Abnormal Anxiety: Apprehension is out of proportion to the stimulus, anxiety is prolonged or severe (or both), and attention is focused on the person's response to the threat.

    Physical Features of Anxiety

    • Chest: Chest discomfort, difficulty inhaling.
    • Cardiovascular: Palpitations, awareness of missed heartbeats, cold extremities.
    • Neurological: Headache, dizziness, tinnitus, tremor, blurred vision.
    • Gastrointestinal: Disturbed appetite, dysphagia, epigastric discomfort, nausea, vomiting, disturbed bowel habits.
    • Genitourinary: Increased urine frequency and urgency, decreased libido, impotence, dysmenorrhea.
    • Musculoskeletal: Muscle and joint pain.
    • Sleep: Insomnia, bad dreams.
    • Skin: Sweating, itching, hot/cold sensations.

    Types of Anxiety Disorders

    • Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD)
    • Panic disorder (with or without agoraphobia)
    • Social phobia
    • Specific phobia
    • Anxiety disorder due to general medical conditions
    • Substance-induced anxiety disorder
    • Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD)
    • Acute Stress Disorder
    • Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD)

    Epidemiology of Anxiety

    • 1 in 4 people experience anxiety
    • Females are affected more than males (30%-19%)
    • Age range 20s-30s
    • Often presented more in primary care centers (PCC)
    • Lifetime prevalence of 8%
    • Ratio between male and females approximately 1:2
    • Age of onset: late adolescence and early 20s

    Etiology of Anxiety

    • Genetic factors (25% of first-degree relatives)
    • Biological factors (GABA, serotonin, norepinephrine, basal ganglia, and frontal cortex)
    • Childhood experiences
    • Psychological factors (personality, thought patterns)
    • Social stressors

    Comorbidity of Anxiety

    • 50-90% of individuals with anxiety also have other anxiety disorders
    • 50-70% of individuals with anxiety also have major depressive disorder (MDD)
    • Substance use issues are common

    Differential Diagnosis (DDx)

    • Medical disorders (hyperthyroidism, hypocalcemia, hypoglycemia, anemia, medication side effects)
    • Substance use (stimulants and depressants)
    • Depressive disorders
    • Adjustment disorders
    • Personality disorders
    • Psychotic disorders

    Management of Anxiety

    • Rule out or manage any organic causes
    • Psychotherapy options (reassurance, explanation, behavior therapy (relaxation training), cognitive therapy (correcting distorted thoughts))
    • Pharmacotherapy (benzodiazepines, buspirone, antidepressants, beta-blockers)

    Course and Prognosis of Anxiety

    • Variable, can be chronic with fluctuating severity, worsening with stress but improving with age and treatment.
    • Some improve within weeks, others have a prolonged course (symptoms persist for 6 months or more)
    • Prognosis is excellent with therapy

    Panic Disorder

    • Characterized by recurrent, unexpected panic attacks.
    • Panic attack: sudden onset of intense fear or discomfort typically peaking within 5-15 minutes.
    • Includes somatic (physical) and cognitive symptoms.
    • Common symptoms: Palpitation; chest pain; shortness of breath (SOB); feeling of choking; shaking; chills or hot flushes; numbness or tingling; feeling dizzy or unsteady; fear of losing control, going crazy, or dying.
    • Triggers can be spontaneous or caused by excitement, hyperventilation, emotional trauma, sleep disturbances, or substance use.

    Agoraphobia

    • Fear of places or situations from which escape might be difficult or help might not be readily available.
    • Individuals may avoid these places or endure them with intense fear or anxiety due to concerns of a possible panic attack
    • Common situations include public transportation, open spaces, enclosed spaces, standing in line, or being outside the home alone.
    • It is generally considered a disabling and chronic condition. Prevalence: 2-6%.

    Social Phobia

    • Marked fear or anxiety about one or more social situations where scrutiny by others is possible.
    • Marked fear of acting in a way or showing anxiety symptoms that will be negatively evaluated by others (e.g., humiliation, embarrassment, rejection, offending others).
    • People may avoid these situations or endure them with intense anxiety and distress.
    • Often includes anticipatory anxiety.
    • Physical symptoms include some of the common anxiety features like palpitation, trembling, sweating and flushing. Prevalence 13%.

    Specific Phobia

    • Marked irrational persistent fear of a specific object or situation (animals, storms, heights, closed spaces, injury, blood, hospitals, illness and death).
    • Avoidance of the feared objects or situations is common.
    • Prevalence in general population: 7-9%, 5% of children and 16% of adolescents. Ratio between male and females approximately 1:2.

    Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD)

    • Psychiatric disorder characterized by recurrent obsessions and compulsions.
    • Obsessions: persistent, intrusive thoughts, images, or impulses that cause significant distress.
    • Compulsions: repetitive behaviors or mental acts that the person feels driven to perform in response to an obsession.
    • Examples include repeated washing, checking, ordering, counting, or symmetry concerns.

    Studying That Suits You

    Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.

    Quiz Team

    Related Documents

    Anxiety Disorders (8-9-1442-1) PDF

    Description

    Test your knowledge on anxiety disorders with this quiz covering the distinctions between normal and abnormal anxiety, symptoms, treatment, and comorbid conditions. Explore key features and the impact of phobias on daily life. Enhance your understanding of mental health concepts through these insightful questions.

    More Like This

    Phobias and Anxiety Disorders
    10 questions

    Phobias and Anxiety Disorders

    AmusingMridangam avatar
    AmusingMridangam
    Specific Phobias Psychology Quiz
    10 questions

    Specific Phobias Psychology Quiz

    LowCostSagacity2806 avatar
    LowCostSagacity2806
    Psychology: Phobias and Anxiety Disorders
    28 questions

    Psychology: Phobias and Anxiety Disorders

    IndulgentBoltzmann avatar
    IndulgentBoltzmann
    Psychology Chapter: Anxiety Disorders
    39 questions

    Psychology Chapter: Anxiety Disorders

    VibrantMetonymy3684 avatar
    VibrantMetonymy3684
    Use Quizgecko on...
    Browser
    Open
    Browser
    Browser