Psychology Chapter 8 - Memory

<p>Distributed rehearsal enhances information retention (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Visual sensory memory allows for 3-4 items to be recalled instantly (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Central executive (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Short-term memory allows for unlimited item retention through rehearsal (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Serial position effect (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Episodic memory (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>0.5 seconds and 3-4 seconds respectively (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Procedural memory (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Priming (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The 'magic number' typically refers to seven items (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Sensory memory (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>7 digits (±2) (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Encoding (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Automatic processing (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Recapturing memories when needed (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>20 seconds (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Rehearsal can facilitate long-term encoding. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Recall (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Enhanced recall of items presented at the beginning of a list (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Recognition (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Memory tasks (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Visual-spatial sketchpad (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Time saved in learning again (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Nonsense words (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Enhanced memory for initial items presented (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Only the first few and last few items are recalled with high accuracy. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Atkinson-Schiffrin Model (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Retention of items at the end of a list (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It assists in transferring information into long-term memory. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Activating a strand of associations leading to a specific memory (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The color of the item associated in the memory (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>As patterns of activation across entire neural networks (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A false memory of having experienced something again (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It aids in the transition from short-term to long-term memory (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Emotional states or mood at the time of retrieval (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Recall is enhanced when tested in the same environment as encoding (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Explaining the influence of working memory capacity on output (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They suggest that middle items are usually forgotten (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The episodic buffer for sensory integration (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Distributed practice leads to better information retention than massed practice.

In a list, people tend to remember first and last items best, and middle items worse.

Remembering the first items in a list better than the middle items.

Remembering the last items in a list better than the middle items.

A brief initial storage of visual information that quickly fades.

A brief initial storage of auditory information that quickly fades.

Demonstrated the capacity of sensory memory is larger than previously thought by presenting a matrix of letters for a very short time and asking for recall.

Tests that measure how well information is recalled immediately after learning or after a delay

As the delay between learning and recall increases, the amount of information remembered decreases.

The duration of sensory memory varies based on the sensory modality. Iconic memory lasts about half a second, echoic memory lasts 3-4 seconds, and tactile memory lasts less than a second.

Short-term memory has limited duration, limited capacity, and is better for remembering random digits than letters.

Declarative memory refers to the ability to consciously recall facts and events, and it encompasses both episodic and semantic memory.

Procedural memory involves the unconscious recall of how to perform actions or skills, like tying your shoes or riding a bike.

The process of getting information into memory.

Keeping memories for later use.

Finding memories when needed.

Things that help you remember information.

Remembering information without clues.

An example of a recall task where you have to fill in missing words/information.

Identifying previously learned information.

An example of a recognition task where you select the correct answer from options.

Learning something a second time and measuring how much faster it is.

Amount of time saved when learning a task again.

A model that proposes sensory memory, short-term memory, and long-term memory as stages of processing information

A newer understanding of short-term memory involving active processing of information.

A memory stage that holds sensory information for a very brief period.

Estimated to last about 20 seconds without rehearsal

A memory stage that stores information for a long period, potentially permanently.

A model of memory that proposes information passes through sensory, short-term, and long-term memories, with rehearsal being crucial to move information.

A model proposing that some things can bypass short-term memory and enter long-term memory automatically.

The capacity of working memory, often estimated to hold 7 items ± 2

Repetition strengthens memory traces, allowing information to stay in working memory for longer.

Relearning new material on the second day is affected by the prior studying time.

The number of attempts it takes to learn a list of items for the very first time.

The amount of time or effort saved when relearning something that was already learned. It's often calculated as a percentage.

A theory that suggests memories are stored as patterns of activation across vast neural networks, not in specific locations.

The process of activating a particular memory or association, which can be triggered by a cue, making it easier to retrieve that memory.

The feeling of having experienced something before, even if it's new. It's likely caused by unconscious retrieval of a similar past experience.

The tendency to remember experiences that match our current emotional state, as our emotions act as retrieval cues.

Connections between different memories or concepts that help us retrieve them.

Memories are stored in the brain as patterns of activation across neural networks, not in specific locations. These networks are interconnected by associations, like anchors, that help us retrieve memories.