Podcast
Questions and Answers
Who is credited with laying the foundation for the study of classical conditioning in psychology?
Who is credited with laying the foundation for the study of classical conditioning in psychology?
Pavlov
In Pavlov's study, the UCS was _____; the neutral stimulus was _____; and, finally, the CS was _____.
In Pavlov's study, the UCS was _____; the neutral stimulus was _____; and, finally, the CS was _____.
meat; the bell; the bell
Which pair below correctly identifies a stimulus or response in Watson and Rayner's 'Little Albert' study?
Which pair below correctly identifies a stimulus or response in Watson and Rayner's 'Little Albert' study?
Unconditioned stimulus—noise
Which of the following scenarios exemplifies extinction?
Which of the following scenarios exemplifies extinction?
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In classical conditioning, how are the neutral stimulus and the conditioned response related?
In classical conditioning, how are the neutral stimulus and the conditioned response related?
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Nature is to nurture what _____ is to _____.
Nature is to nurture what _____ is to _____.
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Which of the following scenarios best exemplifies spontaneous recovery?
Which of the following scenarios best exemplifies spontaneous recovery?
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_____ refers to a decrease in the response to a stimulus when it is presented repeatedly, whereas _____ refers to the eventual disappearance of a conditioned response when an unconditioned stimulus is no longer presented.
_____ refers to a decrease in the response to a stimulus when it is presented repeatedly, whereas _____ refers to the eventual disappearance of a conditioned response when an unconditioned stimulus is no longer presented.
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What process does Janine's reaction to firecrackers and cars backfiring reflect?
What process does Janine's reaction to firecrackers and cars backfiring reflect?
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In what way does learned taste aversion seem to contradict the basic principles of classical conditioning?
In what way does learned taste aversion seem to contradict the basic principles of classical conditioning?
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What can we expect after Kenny ate several hot dogs at the baseball game and later felt nauseous?
What can we expect after Kenny ate several hot dogs at the baseball game and later felt nauseous?
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In classical conditioning situations, the ____________ connection is innate, while the ____________ connection is learned.
In classical conditioning situations, the ____________ connection is innate, while the ____________ connection is learned.
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What was elicited by the stimuli in Pavlov's dog experiment?
What was elicited by the stimuli in Pavlov's dog experiment?
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What represents the conditioned stimulus when Natalie's classmates cover their ears as she approaches the chalkboard?
What represents the conditioned stimulus when Natalie's classmates cover their ears as she approaches the chalkboard?
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What does Manny's quick relief from a headache represent?
What does Manny's quick relief from a headache represent?
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What is Jennifer demonstrating when she cries out whenever any flying insect comes too close?
What is Jennifer demonstrating when she cries out whenever any flying insect comes too close?
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What suggestion would improve Boris' training technique for his goldfish?
What suggestion would improve Boris' training technique for his goldfish?
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Watson and Raynor conditioned fear in Little Albert using a ____________ as a CS.
Watson and Raynor conditioned fear in Little Albert using a ____________ as a CS.
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Which of the following is an example of an innate UCS-UCR connection?
Which of the following is an example of an innate UCS-UCR connection?
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In a particular TV ad, an attractive model is shown with a red Corvette. What is the correct statement about this ad's effectiveness?
In a particular TV ad, an attractive model is shown with a red Corvette. What is the correct statement about this ad's effectiveness?
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Which of the following sequences correctly arranges the phases of the classical conditioning process, from first to last?
Which of the following sequences correctly arranges the phases of the classical conditioning process, from first to last?
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_____ stimulus is a stimulus that does not naturally bring about the response of interest.
_____ stimulus is a stimulus that does not naturally bring about the response of interest.
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Study Notes
Classical Conditioning Overview
- Ivan Pavlov established the foundation for classical conditioning, emphasizing the relationship between stimuli and responses.
- In Pavlov's experiment, the unconditioned stimulus (UCS) was meat, while the neutral stimulus became the conditioned stimulus (CS) when paired with the UCS, represented by the bell.
Key Concepts in Classical Conditioning
- Watson and Rayner's "Little Albert" experiment identified the unconditioned stimulus as noise, leading to a conditioned fear response.
- Extinction occurs when the conditioned response diminishes after the unconditioned stimulus is no longer presented, exemplified by a former cocaine user who no longer experiences withdrawal symptoms upon seeing triggers.
- The neutral stimulus transitions into the conditioned stimulus through association with the unconditioned stimulus.
Relationship Between Stimuli
- Nature and nurture can be mapped through the analogy of unconditioned response (natural reactions) to conditioned response (learned reactions).
- Generalization occurs when a learned response is elicited by stimuli similar to the conditioned stimulus, as seen in Jennifer's fear of all flying insects after being stung by a bee.
Unique Phenomena in Conditioning
- Learned taste aversion is notable for developing after a single pairing of the conditioned stimulus and unconditioned response.
- The placebo effect demonstrates a psychological response where symptoms improve despite the absence of pharmacological intervention.
Practical Applications and Techniques
- To improve conditioning techniques, the order of stimulus presentation is crucial; the light should precede food delivery to condition the goldfish's response effectively.
- Contextual cues significantly influence classical conditioning in advertisements, where the attractive model's impact is enhanced when associated with the product.
Phases and Terminology
- The sequence of classical conditioning phases is Acquisition → Extinction → Spontaneous Recovery.
- Habituation refers to a decrease in response due to repeated exposure, while generalization and discrimination involve responding to similar or distinct stimuli.
Innate Responses
- The innate unconditioned stimulus-unconditioned response connection is exemplified by natural reflexes, such as sneezing from pepper exposure.
- In classical conditioning scenarios, the UCS-UCR connection is innate, while the CS-CR link is learned over time.
Studying That Suits You
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Description
Test your knowledge on classical conditioning and key studies in Psychology with these flashcards from Chapter 6. Learn about Pavlov's foundational contributions and Watson and Rayner's experiments. Perfect for students looking to reinforce their understanding of these important concepts.
