Psychology Chapter 4 Flashcards
19 Questions
100 Views

Choose a study mode

Play Quiz
Study Flashcards
Spaced Repetition
Chat to Lesson

Podcast

Play an AI-generated podcast conversation about this lesson

Questions and Answers

A relatively permanent change in behavior or mental processes as a result of practice or experience is called _____.

  • Learning (correct)
  • Training
  • Knowledge
  • Intuition

In classical conditioning, what is paired with the UCS to produce learning?

  • CS
  • CR
  • UCR
  • Neutral Stimulus (correct)

In Pavlov's original classical conditioning experiments, the _____ was the neutral stimulus, the _____ was the stimulus that would elicit a reflex, and _____ was the reflexive response.

  • Tone; meat powder; salivation (correct)
  • Salivation; meat powder; sounding the tone
  • Meat powder; salivation; sounding the tone
  • Meat powder; tone; salivation

Another word for 'learning' is _____.

<p>Conditioning (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A(n) _____ is an unlearned reaction evoked by a stimulus without any learning.

<p>Unconditioned response (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Any stimulus that elicits an unconditioned response without previous conditioning is a(n) _____.

<p>Unconditioned stimulus (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A stimulus that, before conditioning, does not naturally bring about the response of interest is called _____.

<p>A neutral stimulus (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

_____ conditioning occurs when a neutral stimulus becomes associated with an unconditioned stimulus to elicit a conditioned response.

<p>Classical (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A previously neutral stimulus that, through repeated pairings with an unconditioned stimulus, produces a conditioned response is now called a(n) _____.

<p>Conditioned stimulus (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A(n) _____ is a learned reaction to a previously neutral stimulus due to repeated pairings.

<p>Conditioned response (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Most phobias are explained by _____.

<p>Classical conditioning (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Classical conditioning falls under which perspective of psychology?

<p>Behavioral (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The occurrence of a learned response only to a specific stimulus, but not to other, similar stimuli is called stimulus _____.

<p>Discrimination (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Extinction _____.

<p>A and B (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

When a neutral stimulus is paired with a previously conditioned stimulus to become a conditioned stimulus as well, this is called _____ conditioning.

<p>Higher order (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Learning in which voluntary responses are controlled by their consequences is called _____.

<p>Operant conditioning (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

_____ increases the likelihood that a behavior will occur, whereas _____ decreases that likelihood.

<p>Reinforcement; punishment (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Primary reinforcers _____.

<p>B and C (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Secondary reinforcers increase the probability of a response, and _____.

<p>Are based on prior learning of their reinforcing properties (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Learning Concepts

  • Learning is defined as a relatively permanent change in behavior or mental processes resulting from practice or experience.
  • Conditioning is used as another term for learning.

Classical Conditioning Fundamentals

  • Classical conditioning involves pairing a neutral stimulus (NS) with an unconditioned stimulus (UCS) to produce a learned response.
  • In Pavlov's experiments, the tone (NS) was paired with meat powder (UCS) to elicit salivation (unconditioned response, UCR).

Key Terms in Conditioning

  • An unconditioned response (UCR) is an automatic reaction to a stimulus without prior learning.
  • An unconditioned stimulus (UCS) refers to any stimulus that naturally elicits a response without conditioning.
  • A neutral stimulus (NS) does not naturally trigger the response of interest before conditioning occurs.

Classifications in Conditioning

  • Classical conditioning results in a conditioned response (CR), which is a learned reaction to a conditioned stimulus (CS) that was previously neutral.
  • The conditioned stimulus (CS) becomes a signal for the conditioned response after repeated pairings with the UCS.

Phobias and Conditioning

  • Most phobias are explained through classical conditioning, demonstrating the impact of learned associations on behavior.

Psychological Perspectives

  • Classical conditioning is categorized under the behavioral perspective of psychology, emphasizing observable behaviors.

Advanced Concepts in Conditioning

  • Stimulus discrimination refers to a learned response being specific to a particular stimulus rather than generalized to similar stimuli.
  • Extinction in classical conditioning is the gradual suppression of a learned behavior, often when the CS is presented without the UCS.
  • Higher order conditioning occurs when a neutral stimulus is paired with a previously conditioned stimulus to also elicit a conditioned response.

Operant Conditioning

  • Operant conditioning involves learning where voluntary behaviors are influenced by their consequences, either through reinforcement or punishment.
  • Positive reinforcement increases the likelihood of a behavior, while punishment decreases that likelihood.

Reinforcers

  • Primary reinforcers address biological needs and enhance the probability of a response, whereas secondary reinforcers derive their value from prior learning and can also influence responding.
  • The effectiveness of secondary reinforcers is based on the learning of their reinforcing properties.

Additional Concepts in Learning

  • A response can be strengthened by adding a stimulus, enhancing the probability of that behavior occurring in the future.

Studying That Suits You

Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.

Quiz Team

Description

Test your knowledge of key concepts from Psychology Chapter 4 with these flashcards. This quiz covers essential terms and definitions related to learning and classical conditioning. Perfect for students preparing for exams or revising important topics.

More Like This

Learning Levels and Conditioning Theories
16 questions
Learning Theories and Conditioning
10 questions
Psicología de la Educación Tema 2
25 questions
Learning Theories - Behaviorism
48 questions

Learning Theories - Behaviorism

EnterprisingLogic2855 avatar
EnterprisingLogic2855
Use Quizgecko on...
Browser
Browser