Psychology Chapter 3-5: Genetics and Development

<p>Stage 1: Reflexes (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They are able to coordinate their reaching and grasping movements. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Stage 3: Concrete Operational (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>7 pounds (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Bright, flashing lights (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Social Media (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Stage 6: Invention of New Means Through Mental Combinations (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>6 months (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Increased risk of obesity in later life (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The infant engages in trial-and-error experimentation. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Face-to-face communication (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Infants need synchrony with caregivers to feel secure and regulated. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Imperative attention (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The infant shows indifference to the caregiver's presence or absence, and avoids seeking comfort. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Temperament is a broad term that encompasses emotions, attention, and behavior, while personality focuses on deeper personality traits. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>18 months (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Social Referencing (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The infant expresses both distress at separation and comfort at reunion with the caregiver. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>21 months (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Oral Stage (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Difficulty forming close relationships (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Naming explosion (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Chomsky's theory views language acquisition as a natural process, while the other theory emphasizes the role of instruction. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A phrase used to express a single idea. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Object permanence (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A stage when infants start making repetitive sounds, often syllables. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Increased birth weight (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Blastocyst (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Embryonic period (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Polygenic (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Embryonic period (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Fraternal twins share 50% of their genes, while identical twins share 100% of their genes. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Genome (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Apgar score (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Epigenetics (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Differentiation (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Ability to focus their vision (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Plasticity (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Fetal period (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Breastfeeding (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Attachment (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The process of recognizing and expressing feelings across different age stages.

Understanding that objects continue to exist even when out of sight.

A smile directed at people, emerging around 6 weeks of age.

Babies are born with innate cognitive structures and general knowledge of the world.

Variability in emotional, motor, and attentional responses unique to each infant.

Infants show preference for certain stimuli and understand impossible events.

Realization of being a distinct individual, separate from others.

Stages from crying and babbling to first words and vocabulary explosion.

A single word expressing a complete thought, common in early language use.

Emotion sharing through direct, two-person communication.

Start to form sentences using two words around 21 months of age.

Sharing emotions and attention concerning a third event or object.

Debate between learning principles vs. innate capacity for language.

A secure emotional bond that develops between caregiver and child.

If needs are met, infants develop trust; if neglected, mistrust develops.

Different styles of attachment characterized by infant behaviors with caregivers.

A form of speech characterized by a higher pitch, exaggerated intonation, and slower tempo that mothers use when communicating with infants.

Stages in which infants learn through sensory experiences and motor actions, developing cognitive skills from birth to 24 months.

Stages 1 and 2 of sensorimotor development where infants repeat actions that are centered on their own body.

Reflexive actions (0-1 months), including basic responses like sucking or grasping.

Stage where infants (4-8 months) act on external objects or others, leading to effects in the environment.

Recommended by WHO for first 6 months; provides ideal nutrition and potential cognitive benefits.

Significant reduction in child mortality rates due to immunizations and better postnatal care.

Newborns sleep approximately 16 hours a day, aiding in growth and development.

An automatic response in infants to turn their head and open their mouth when their cheek is stroked.

An involuntary reaction in infants where they close their hand around an object that touches their palm.

Early motor development includes pre-reaching and head/neck control without grasping.

Young infants see best with high contrast and low spatial frequency, helping them focus.

Newborns can hear adult female voices best, indicating a preference for familiar sounds.

A single cell formed from the union of sperm and ovum.

Cells that can develop into any specialized type of cell.

Twins who share 100% of the same genes.

Study of how environmental factors affect gene expression.

The complete set of genes in an individual.

The observable characteristics of an individual.

The first 14 days of prenatal development, starting at conception.

Weeks 3-8 of prenatal development, major organs begin forming.

Begins at week 9 until birth, organs mature and grow.

Substances that can cause birth defects in a developing fetus.

A quick assessment of a newborn's health right after birth.

The development of movement skills in infants.

Testing to determine potential diseases in a fetus after conception.

Twins that share 50% of their genes but are from separate eggs.

Skin-to-skin contact between a parent and baby.