Psychology Chapter 3 & 4 Quiz
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Questions and Answers

What is the focus of Unit III in the syllabus?

  • Mind as Information Processor
  • Perspectives on Self and Personality (correct)
  • Nature of Intelligence
  • Introduction to Psychology

Which approach is discussed in Unit IV regarding intelligence?

  • Psychoanalytic approach
  • Behavioral approach
  • Humanistic approach
  • Cognitive perspective (correct)

What does the psychometric approach to intelligence primarily focus on?

  • Emotional Intelligence
  • Quantifying Intelligence through tests (correct)
  • Cognitive processes in learning
  • Creative problem-solving skills

Which theory is associated with fluid and crystallized intelligence?

<p>Spearman's 'g' factor Theory (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which component is NOT part of Gardner's Multiple Intelligences?

<p>Psychoanalytical Intelligence (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does Roger's Self Theory emphasize regarding personality?

<p>The importance of self-actualization (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What area does the lesson on 'Measures of Personality' investigate?

<p>Projective techniques and personality inventories (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary focus of individualism as described?

<p>Personal goals and self-identity based on individual achievements (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a characteristic of collectivist cultures?

<p>Subordination of personal goals to group goals (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What societal expectation is commonly found in Western cultures regarding family?

<p>Children are expected to establish independence by leaving home (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does the joint family system in India reflect collectivist values?

<p>It fosters interdependence among family members (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following regions is typically associated with individualistic cultures?

<p>Developed Western countries (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary focus of basic research in psychology?

<p>To understand human behavior without a specific application (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes applied research in psychology?

<p>Research aimed at developing practical solutions to specific problems (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does basic research in psychology typically differ from applied research?

<p>Applied research does not contribute to fundamental understanding like basic research does (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why might psychologists study animal behavior in basic research?

<p>To understand principles relevant to human behavior or for the intrinsic value of the study (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which aspect is NOT a characteristic of applied research?

<p>It primarily investigates behavioral theories (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In what kinds of environments can basic research be conducted?

<p>In both laboratories and real-world settings (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What do psychologists aim to achieve through applied research?

<p>Designing and implementing intervention programs (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a key role of basic research in psychology?

<p>It provides foundational knowledge that informs applied research (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements about basic and applied research is FALSE?

<p>Basic research is primarily focused on intervention strategies. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary focus of the application goal in psychology?

<p>Utilizing knowledge in real-life situations (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes stress management in the context of psychology?

<p>A strategy belonging to application (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What characterizes psychology as a science?

<p>Its method of inquiry (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the S-O-R principle, what does 'O' represent?

<p>Organism (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which statement is true about the establishment of psychology as an independent discipline?

<p>William Wundt established the first psychological laboratory. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The process of enhancing performance through psychological insights exemplifies which goal?

<p>Application (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a goal of psychology?

<p>Manipulation (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Who established the first psychological laboratory, marking a pivotal moment for psychology?

<p>William Wundt (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which approach includes applying psychological therapies for anger management?

<p>The application of psychology (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary aim of applying psychological principles in real-life situations?

<p>To enhance personal and social dynamics (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What did Watson emphasize as the primary focus of psychology?

<p>Observable behaviour (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What principle did Pavlov's experiments with dogs primarily demonstrate?

<p>Environmental influence on behaviour (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following did Thorndike introduce?

<p>Law of effect (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What concept did Skinner discover through his studies?

<p>Influence of environmental consequences (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the goal of behaviour modification techniques?

<p>To enhance positive behaviour and reduce problematic behaviour (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Cognitive behaviourism suggests which of the following influences behaviour?

<p>Thoughts and expectations (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the cognitive perspective, how are humans viewed?

<p>As information processors (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which behaviourist developed the concept of operant conditioning?

<p>Skinner (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What describes a fundamental difference between behaviourism and cognitive perspectives?

<p>Behaviourism looks at observable behaviours, cognitive looks at mental processes (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a key characteristic of early behaviourist research?

<p>Uncovering principles of human learning (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

What is Psychology?

The study of the mind and behavior, exploring how people think, feel, and act.

Psychology as a Science

A scientific approach to understanding the mind and behavior, relying on empirical evidence and systematic observation.

Subfields of Psychology

A broad field encompassing various subfields like clinical, developmental, cognitive, social, and more.

Mind-Body Connection

A fundamental aspect of psychology that involves understanding the relationship between the mind, body, and behavior.

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Scientific Methods in Psychology

The process of objectively observing and recording behavior, using techniques like experiments, surveys, and case studies.

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Developmental Psychology

The study of how individuals change and develop over their lifespan, from birth to death.

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Cognitive Psychology

The study of mental processes like thinking, memory, attention, and problem-solving.

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Basic Research in Psychology

Research conducted to gain knowledge for its own sake, without a specific practical objective.

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What does basic research in psychology investigate?

Focuses on understanding how and why people behave, think, and experience emotions.

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Applied Research in Psychology

Research conducted to solve specific and practical problems.

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What does applied research in psychology do?

Uses scientific knowledge from basic research to design and evaluate programs addressing real-world problems.

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How does understanding human behavior help with applied research?

The ability to understand human behavior helps psychologists create practical solutions.

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What is the role of basic research in psychology?

Basic research contributes to our fundamental understanding of human behavior.

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What is the role of applied research in psychology?

Applied research uses this knowledge to address real-world issues.

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What key areas does basic research explore?

Basic research focuses on understanding why people behave, think, and experience emotions.

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How is basic research used in applied settings?

Applied research uses this knowledge to design, implement, and evaluate intervention programs.

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Individualism

A cultural perspective that emphasizes the importance of individual goals, self-reliance, and personal achievement.

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Collectivism

A cultural perspective that emphasizes the importance of group goals, interdependence, and collective identity.

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Individualism vs. Collectivism

A cultural difference with Western cultures emphasizing individualism, while many Asian, South American, and African cultures promote collectivism.

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Joint Family System

The practice of living together with extended family members, often involving interdependence and shared responsibilities.

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Moving Out of the Family Home

The transition from adolescence to adulthood, often marked by moving out of the family home, establishing independence, and building a career.

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Application Goal of Psychology

The branch of psychology focusing on how psychological knowledge is used in real-world settings, such as managing stress or improving mental well-being.

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What does 'O' stand for in S-O-R?

In the S-O-R principle, this refers to the 'Organism' - the individual who is experiencing and responding to the environment.

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Experimental Method

It involves the controlled manipulation of variables to understand cause-and-effect relationships, often using experiments.

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S-O-R Principle

A principle in psychology that explains behavior as a result of interactions between a stimulus, the organism, and a response.

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Description Goal of Psychology

Psychology's goal of finding out how something works, including its features and characteristics.

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Explanation Goal of Psychology

This goal of psychology focuses on understanding the internal processes behind behavior, like thinking, emotions, and motivations.

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Control Goal of Psychology

Psychology's goal of effectively influencing behavior by using psychological principles and techniques.

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Behaviorism

This school of psychology focuses on observable behavior, rather than internal states.

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Who is John B. Watson?

A key figure in behaviorism who believed behavior is based on learned associations between stimuli and responses.

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What is classical conditioning?

Pavlov's experiments with dogs demonstrated this, where a neutral stimulus becomes associated with a natural reflex, triggering a learned response.

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What is the law of effect?

Thorndike's law states that behaviors followed by positive consequences are more likely to be repeated, while behaviors followed by negative consequences are less likely to be repeated.

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Who is B.F. Skinner?

A central figure in behaviorism who conducted research on operant conditioning, demonstrating how behaviors are influenced by their consequences.

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What is behavior modification?

A technique rooted in behaviorism that aims to modify behaviors by manipulating their consequences, reducing problematic behaviors and increasing positive ones.

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What is cognitive behaviorism?

This perspective within behaviorism proposes that learning and environmental factors influence our thoughts and expectations, which in turn affect our behavior.

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What is the cognitive perspective?

A major perspective in psychology that focuses on understanding the nature of the mind and how mental processes like thinking, memory, and attention influence our behavior.

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What is cognitive processing?

This approach emphasizes how our thoughts and interpretations of situations determine our emotions and behaviors.

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Study Notes

Foundations of Psychology Course Details

  • Offered by: Department of Distance and Continuing Education, Campus of Open Learning, University of Delhi
  • Level: B.A. (Hons.) Economics/English/Political Science, Semester I
  • Course Credit: 04
  • Policy Alignment: UGC(F)-2022 and National Education Policy 2020
  • Limited Circulation

Course Content

  • Consists of four units:
    • Unit I: Introduction to Psychology
    • Unit II: Mind as Information Processor
    • Unit III: Self and Personality
    • Unit IV: Intelligence and Creativity
  • Each unit is further subdivided into lessons.
  • Page numbers (ranging from 3-136) are provided for each lesson.

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Foundations of Psychology PDF

Description

Test your knowledge on key concepts from Chapters 3 and 4 of your psychology syllabus. This quiz covers various approaches to intelligence, personality theories, and cultural orientations such as individualism and collectivism. Challenge yourself with questions about Gardner's Multiple Intelligences and the psychometric approach to intelligence.

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