Psychology Chapter 12 Flashcards

Questions and Answers

Lee assumes Kara is yelling at him because she likes to bully him, not because she had a bad day. Lee is making a ________.

Central attribution error

Fundamental attitude shift

Central attitude shift

Fundamental attribution error (correct)

Which of the following best defines the Asch effect?

Influence of the group majority on an individual's judgment (correct)

Influence of one person on the creation of a group goal

Influence of the group minority on individual judgment

Influence of one person on a large group

When it comes to social psychology, a script is a ________.

Written record of a person's history

Prescription for psychotropic medicine

Set of instructions to be carried out

Person's knowledge about the sequence of events in a specific setting (correct)

A(n) ________ is the evaluation of or feelings toward a person, idea, or object that are typically positive or negative.

Attitude Signup and view all the answers

Which type of persuasion involves encouraging a person to agree to a small favor or to buy a small item, only to later request a larger favor or purchase of a larger item?

Foot-in-the-door Signup and view all the answers

Who was Stanley Milgram?

Social psychology professor at Yale who wanted to test the defense of 'I was just following orders' typically used by accused Nazis Signup and view all the answers

What is the main point of the Stanford prison experiment?

Social roles are powerful determinants of human behavior Signup and view all the answers

Which statement about social psychology is most accurate?

People's thoughts, feelings, and behaviors are influenced by social psychology Signup and view all the answers

What was the major flaw in the Stanford prison experiment?

Zimbardo did not use a control group. Signup and view all the answers

Based on the discussion, which of the following strategies would effectively reduce prejudice between groups?

Having groups meet under equal terms and cooperate on a task Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following strategies would effectively reduce racism?

Teaching children to think independently and challenge social norms that promote racism Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best exemplifies prosocial behavior?

Tyler visits his aunt once a week to bring her groceries. Signup and view all the answers

Suppose you are walking down a street. A woman has fallen down, but because there are so many people around, it does not occur to you that you should help. You just assume someone else is about to help her and keep walking. This is an example of ________.

Diffusion of responsibility Signup and view all the answers

Janeka does poorly on her psychology final, so she picks on her mother's ability to cook. A frustration aggression theorist might explain this by focusing on ________.

The way Janeka's frustration with her exam led her to be aggressive toward her mother Signup and view all the answers

Fatima generalizes that all men are irresponsible players, cheaters, and liars. When it comes to men, Fatima may be applying ________: negative beliefs about individuals based solely on their membership in a group.

Stereotypes Signup and view all the answers

Mona works at a bank. When Luis, a Colombian man, arrives to drop off his paycheck, she pretends to be busy and directs him to another teller. She does this whenever a non-White person wants assistance. This is an example of ________.

Discrimination Signup and view all the answers

Jasmin belongs to the chess club on her campus. She prefers to associate with other members of the chess club while avoiding people that do not belong to this group. Jasmin has a(n) ________ bias.

In-group Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is an example of the self-fulfilling prophecy?

Telling someone with dyslexia she cannot learn to read, leading her to become illiterate even though she could learn to read with a bit of extra effort Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is the best example of the foot-in-the-door technique of persuasion?

Getting your parents to agree to cut their smoking down by a few cigarettes, then asking them to quit altogether Signup and view all the answers

Don knows that drinking too much liquor is a costly habit that is bad for his health, but he continues to drink large amounts of liquor. He also thinks he is a smart person that makes good choices. Don feels some psychological discomfort from this contradiction, which is also called ________.

Cognitive dissonance Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Fundamental Attribution Error: Tendency to attribute others' actions to their character rather than situational factors; example: assuming someone's anger is due to their nature, not their bad day.
Asch Effect: Influence of group majority on an individual's judgment, demonstrating how peer pressure alters personal opinions.

Script: Person's mental representation of the sequence of events in a specific context, guiding expectations in social situations.
Attitude: Evaluation of or feelings toward a person, idea, or object, carrying either positive or negative connotations.

Persuasion Techniques

Foot-in-the-Door Technique: A persuasion method that involves initially getting someone to agree to a small request, before introducing a larger request.

Notable Experiments and Theorists

Stanley Milgram: Yale professor known for his controversial obedience experiments, testing the extent individuals would follow authority even to the detriment of others.
Stanford Prison Experiment: Highlighted how assigned social roles significantly influence human behavior; emphasized the dangers of power and dehumanization.

Influences on Thoughts and Behaviors

Social psychology heavily influences individuals' thoughts, feelings, and behaviors; it's not solely determined by biological factors.
Major flaw in the Stanford prison experiment was the absence of a control group, raising ethical concerns.

Strategies to Reduce Prejudice and Racism

Reducing Prejudice: Effective strategies include promoting cooperative tasks under equal conditions and fostering educational exchanges between groups.
Combatting Racism: Encouraging independent thinking in children that challenges societal norms promoting racism enhances social awareness.

Prosocial Behavior: Actions benefiting others, exemplified by helping behaviors such as regularly visiting an elderly relative to assist them.
Diffusion of Responsibility: A phenomenon where individuals in a group defer responsibility to others, leading to bystander inaction—example: witnessing someone fall but assuming someone else will help.

Psychological Theories and Impacts

Frustration-Aggression Theory: Explains aggressive behavior as a response to frustration; example: stressing about an exam leading to misplaced aggression towards others.
Stereotypes: Overgeneralized beliefs about a group; Fatima's assumption about men reflects negative stereotypes impacting perceptions.

Discrimination and In-group Bias

Discrimination: Unfair treatment based on group affiliation; illustrated through Mona's behavior towards non-White customers.
In-group Bias: Favoritism towards one's own group while discriminating against outsiders; relevant in social identity contexts.

Self-fulfilling Prophecy

A belief or expectation that influences behavior in a manner that causes the belief to become true; example: discouraging someone with dyslexia, leading to failure in learning.

Cognitive Dissonance

Psychological discomfort from conflicting beliefs or behaviors; Don experiences this by recognizing the health risks of drinking yet continuing the habit, reflecting a dissonance between actions and self-perception.

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Test your knowledge of key concepts from Chapter 12 of Psychology with these flashcards. The questions cover important theories and terms related to social psychology, including attribution errors and their implications. Perfect for preparing for your final exam!