Attribution Theory and Social Psychology

Which cognitive bias leads individuals to overestimate the commonality of their own opinions and behaviors?

What best illustrates the fundamental attribution error?

Which scenario exemplifies self-serving bias?

In attribution theory, what does 'dispositional attribution' primarily focus on?

When is someone most likely making a 'situational attribution'?

How does awareness of self-serving bias affect personal judgment?

What is a potential consequence of the fundamental attribution error in social interactions?

How does attribution theory relate to our understanding of social interactions?

Which scenario most accurately demonstrates informational social influence?

In the Milgram experiment, what critical factor decreased participant obedience?

Which of the following best illustrates the concept of deindividuation?

Which of the following is the most likely outcome of group polarization?

How does social facilitation impact performance on tasks?

Which of the following scenarios best illustrates groupthink?

What is the primary difference between collectivist and individualistic cultures?

A person is less likely to engage in social loafing when:

Which scenario exemplifies normative social influence?

How did the Stanford Prison Experiment demonstrate the power of social roles?

What critical ethical concern led to the early termination of the Stanford Prison Experiment?

Unlike obedience, conformity involves:

What is the most direct outcome of the 'chameleon effect' in social interactions?

How does prestige of an institution impact obedience, as seen in the Milgram experiments?

Under what conditions is conformity least likely to occur?

How does the 'false consensus effect' primarily influence an individual's perception?

What is a primary consequence of the 'just-world hypothesis'?

How does the 'halo effect' most significantly distort our perceptions?

What distinguishes the 'central route' of persuasion from other persuasive techniques?

Under what circumstances is 'peripheral route persuasion' most likely to be effective?

How do individuals typically resolve the discomfort caused by 'cognitive dissonance'?

Which psychological principle underlies the effectiveness of the 'foot-in-the-door' phenomenon?

What is the key mechanism behind the 'door-in-the-face' phenomenon?

How does the 'lowball technique' manipulate consumer behavior?

Why is 'conformity' considered fundamental to human social behavior?

How might an individual unconsciously exhibit conformity in social settings?

What is the critical distinction between attitudes and actions in influencing behavior?

Which of the routes of persuasion is more likely to lead to long-lasting attitude change, and why?

If someone initially refuses a large request but then agrees to a smaller one, which technique is being employed, and what principle makes it effective?

In the context of cognitive dissonance, what is the most common strategy people use to alleviate the discomfort, and why is it effective?

Which cognitive process most directly contributes to the formation of stereotypes?

How does ethnocentrism differ from general prejudice?

Why is implicit prejudice more challenging to address than explicit prejudice?

What is the critical distinction between prejudice and discrimination?

How can in-group bias lead to ethical challenges in organizational settings?

Which scenario exemplifies instrumental aggression?

What psychological effect explains why negative news and events are overemphasized by individuals?

How does scapegoat theory explain the rise of prejudice during times of economic hardship?

How does the bystander effect influence helping behavior in emergencies?

Which biological factor is MOST directly linked to increased aggressive tendencies?

In what way does the 'social trap' exemplify a conflict between individual and collective interests?

How do superordinate goals promote peace-making in conflict situations?

Why does the mere exposure effect, which influences attraction, seemingly contradict the idea that 'opposites attract'?

Which of the following illustrates the social responsibility norm?

How does reciprocity in attraction contribute to escalating positive relationships?

What is the central tenet of social exchange theory regarding altruistic behavior?

How might the 'physical attractiveness stereotype' perpetuate social inequalities?

Which of the following scenarios reflects an approach-avoidance conflict?

According to Sternberg's theory, why is consummate love more challenging to maintain than to achieve?

What is a key difference between passionate and companionate love as relationships evolve?

How do aversive stimuli influence aggressive behavior, according to research?

How does parental modeling of aggressive behavior directly affect children?

How might biological factors and learned experiences interact to influence aggressive behavior?

What role does emotional regulation play in mitigating aggressive behavior according to psychological research?

How does alcohol consumption alter aggressive tendencies?

If someone is alone when another person is having a seizure, how likely are they to help?

What is diffusion of responsibility and how does it relate to helping?

Which situation is most likely to lead to someone helping?

Which is the social responsibility norm not an example of?

How does frustration relate to aggression?

What cognitive shortcut most contributes to maintaining a positive self-image by skewing our perception of events?

How does awareness of the fundamental attribution error impact our understanding of social issues?

What is the most significant implication of the 'false consensus effect' on societal discourse?

How might the self-serving bias manifest in a team project evaluation?

How does understanding attribution theory enhance intercultural communication competence?

What distinguishes dispositional from situational attribution in assessing behavior?

How does recognizing the false consensus effect affect marketing strategies?

In what scenario is someone most likely to commit the fundamental attribution error?

Why might someone experiencing cognitive dissonance choose to alter their beliefs rather than their actions?

How does the 'halo effect' most significantly distort our perceptions by influencing subsequent judgments of an individual?

What critical cognitive process underpins the 'false consensus effect' to most directly influence individual perspective?

How does the 'just-world hypothesis' affect one's interpretations of various social and economic disparities?

How does the 'lowball technique' primarily manipulate consumer behavior, and what psychological principle makes it effective?

In persuading an audience, what unique advantage does the 'central route' offer over other methods and why?

How does awareness of the 'false consensus effect' impact personal judgment, and what cognitive biases does it help mitigate?

What critical ethical concern led to the early termination of the Stanford Prison Experiment, highlighting what aspect of social roles?

What core principle makes the 'door-in-the-face' phenomenon effective, and how does it influence compliance?

How might the 'physical attractiveness stereotype' perpetuate social inequalities, and what outcomes might it predict?

Which scenario illustrates instrumental aggression, where harm is inflicted? How does the social interaction differ from other forms of aggression?

What is a potential consequence of the fundamental attribution error in social interactions, particularly in cross-cultural contexts?

How does the 'chameleon effect' primarily influence an individual's interactions, and what core social behavior does it demonstrate?

What role does emotional regulation play in mitigating aggressive behavior, according to psychological research on handling conflict? What specific regulation strategies come into play?

How does alcohol consumption alter aggressive tendencies, according to research? What direct effects influence behavioral choices?

How does ethnocentrism primarily manifest in intergroup relations?

What is the most significant challenge in addressing implicit prejudice?

Which of the following best describes how 'in-group bias' can affect resource allocation in organizations?

How does the 'outgroup homogeneity effect' contribute to prejudice?

What is the primary psychological mechanism behind Scapegoat Theory?

Which critical factor determines the longevity of 'consummate love' according to Sternberg's theory?

In the context of attraction, how does 'reciprocity' influence relationship dynamics?

How does the 'mere exposure effect' influence attraction?

How does the concept of a 'social trap' relate to environmental sustainability?

What critical distinction differentiates passionate love from companionate love in long-term relationships?

How do biological and experiential factors interact to shape aggressive behavior?

Which mechanism primarily explains how alcohol consumption increases aggression?

How does the 'physical attractiveness stereotype' impact social perceptions?

What role does emotional regulation play in mediating aggressive behavior?

How can parental modeling of aggressive behavior affect children's tendencies?

In what way might deindividuation influence online behavior differently than in-person interactions?

How does the concept of social loafing manifest in collaborative online projects, and what strategies can effectively counteract it?

What is a subtle way in which social facilitation can undermine performance in high-stakes situations?

Why are diverse perspectives crucial in counteracting groupthink, and what mechanisms can ensure their consideration?

What is the nuanced difference between collectivism and individualism in influencing environmental sustainability efforts?

What is a subtle way in which normative social influence can perpetuate harmful social norms?

How does informational social influence impact decision-making in rapidly evolving scientific fields?

How can a prestigious institution subtly influence obedience beyond direct orders, and what are the ethical implications?

What is a potential long-term consequence of deindividuation on an individual's moral compass?

What is a counterintuitive way in which social loafing can sometimes benefit a group project?

How might group polarization affect the quality of strategic decisions made by corporate boards?

In which subtle way may groupthink undermine the effectiveness of governmental advisory boards?

How do individualistic and collectivist cultures differ in their approaches to conflict resolution, and what challenges arise from these differences?

How can awareness of the chameleon effect be used strategically in negotiations, without being perceived as manipulative?

How might an individual strategically use their understanding of conformity to foster innovation within a team setting, and what are the risks?

A skilled negotiator employs aggression to secure a favorable business deal, fully aware that this tactic may cause emotional distress to the opposing party. This scenario most closely exemplifies:

Considering the interplay of biological factors in aggression, which statement best reflects the current understanding of testosterone's role?

A community implements a 'violence reduction' program that focuses on teaching children non-aggressive conflict resolution and empathy. If successful, which long-term neural change would be most consistent with the program's goals?

During a heatwave, city crime rates spike. While the 'frustration-aggression principle' suggests a link, what additional psychological factor most likely mediates the increased aggression in this scenario?

A child consistently observes their older sibling being rewarded for physically dominating younger children. According to social learning theory, which outcome is LEAST likely to manifest in the younger child?

An individual is offered two equally appealing job opportunities in different cities (Approach-Approach). Compared to someone facing an Avoidance-Avoidance conflict (e.g., choosing between two unpleasant medical procedures), how might their stress response differ?

In a crowded urban environment, an individual collapses on a busy sidewalk. Considering the 'bystander effect,' which intervention strategy would be MOST effective in ensuring they receive prompt assistance?

Diffusion of responsibility is cited as a key factor in the bystander effect. However, in which scenario would diffusion of responsibility be LEAST likely to inhibit helping behavior?

According to social exchange theory, altruistic acts are ultimately motivated by a form of 'self-interest.' Which statement best captures the nuanced interpretation of 'benefits' within this framework?

The 'reciprocity norm' and the 'social responsibility norm' both promote helping behavior. However, they differ fundamentally in:

In conflict resolution, 'superordinate goals' are proposed to foster cooperation. However, what critical precondition must be met for superordinate goals to effectively reduce intergroup conflict?

Consider a scenario where two rival companies must collaborate to avert a major industry-wide crisis (superordinate goal). Which factor would MOST likely hinder their successful cooperation despite the shared goal?

An individual donates blood anonymously. While seemingly altruistic, social exchange theory might interpret this act as motivated by:

Which of the following scenarios best illustrates a situation where the 'social responsibility norm' is the primary motivator for helping behavior, rather than the 'reciprocity norm'?

In the Milgram obedience experiments (though not explicitly mentioned in the text, consider its principles), situational factors significantly influenced participant behavior. If we apply this situational perspective to understanding aggression, what would be a key implication?

How does the self-serving bias influence our recall of past actions?

What is a key cognitive outcome of understanding the self-serving bias?

How does the fundamental attribution error typically affect our perception?

What is the likely cognitive effect of the 'false consensus effect'?

How do dispositional attributions influence perceptions of behavior?

What cognitive distortion is MOST closely associated to self-serving bias?

When explaining behavior, how do we weight situational factors under fundamental attribution error?

How does increased awareness of self-serving bias influence self-perception?

A software engineer believes that most of their colleagues share their preference for a specific coding style, despite evidence to the contrary. Which bias is MOST clearly illustrated in this scenario?

An individual justifies their inaction on climate change by stating, 'If the world is really going to end, there's nothing I can do about it anyway, so I'll just live my life.' This statement BEST reflects which cognitive bias?

A company hires a consultant based solely on their prestigious university affiliation, assuming their recommendations will be top-tier without thoroughly evaluating their actual proposal. This decision-making process is MOST likely influenced by:

After volunteering at an animal shelter, a person who was initially indifferent to animal rights becomes a passionate advocate and adopts a rescue pet. This scenario BEST exemplifies:

In which situation would central route persuasion be MOST effective in producing lasting attitude change?

An individual who smokes cigarettes, despite knowing the health risks, rationalizes their behavior by saying, 'The stress relief outweighs the potential harm.' This is a typical example of reducing:

A charity first asks potential donors to sign a petition supporting their cause, and then later asks them to make a financial contribution. This strategy BEST illustrates the:

How does the door-in-the-face technique primarily differ from the foot-in-the-door technique in eliciting compliance?

A car dealership advertises a very low price online, but upon visiting the dealership, customers find mandatory 'add-ons' and fees significantly increasing the final cost. This is an example of:

From an evolutionary perspective, why is conformity considered a fundamental aspect of human social behavior?

How does the 'false consensus effect' MOST significantly differ from the 'just-world hypothesis' in explaining social perceptions?

The 'halo effect' can MOST significantly impede objective evaluation in which of the following real-world scenarios?

Which route of persuasion is MORE likely to foster enduring attitude change, and why?

A person strongly believes in environmental conservation but frequently forgets to recycle. To reduce cognitive dissonance, they are MOST likely to:

Which of the following series of requests BEST exemplifies the effective use of both 'door-in-the-face' and 'foot-in-the-door' techniques in sequence?

Which factor significantly contributes to the bystander effect?

What characterizes instrumental aggression?

How do superordinate goals facilitate conflict resolution?

Which is a core component of social exchange theory?

How might reinforcement and modelling affect aggression?

Which scenario most closely illustrates the social responsibility norm?

What behavior exemplifies discrimination?

How does the frustration-aggression principle explain aggressive behavior?

How does outgroup homogeneity affect intergroup relations?

Which action shows in-group bias?

How do aversive stimuli influence aggression?

Which scenario best illustrates the scapegoat theory?

What is a key factor in maintaining consummate love?

What differentiates 'hostile' from 'instrumental' aggression?

How does similarity influence attraction?

How does the presence of others alter the likelihood of helping someone in distress?

How does the mere exposure effect relate to attraction?

In approach-avoidance conflicts, what complicates decision-making?

Which consequence is the MOST direct result of ethnocentrism in interactions?

Which factor would LEAST encourage altruistic behavior?

What is the key implication of diffusion of responsibility in emergencies?

How does 'reciprocity' influence relationship dynamics?

What is a genetic factor that may influence physical aggression?

What is the central concept of a social trap?

What describes 'explicit prejudice'?

How might implicit prejudice affect hiring?

How does the interplay of biology and experience shape aggression?

How can understanding in-group/out-group dynamics improve workplace diversity efforts?

Which action exemplifies 'instrumental aggression'?

How does deindividuation most significantly impact individual behavior in group settings?

Which scenario exemplifies the most complex interplay between normative and informational social influence?

How does the presence of others most profoundly affect performance according to the principles of social facilitation and inhibition?

Which of the following best illustrates how social loafing undermines team productivity in professional settings?

How does group polarization most significantly impact decision-making processes within politically homogeneous communities?

How might a culture that prizes collectivism influence conflict resolution strategies in professional settings?

In what critical way does the Milgram experiment challenge common perceptions about individual morality and authority?

How does awareness of the chameleon effect affect one's ability to navigate diverse social environments?

What is the most profound ethical implication of the Stanford Prison Experiment regarding the impact of social roles?

How can groupthink most severely compromise strategic decision-making in corporate boards?

How does deindivuation most profoundly affect online behavior, particularly in anonymous forums?

Which of the following best captures the essence of informational social influence in complex, ambiguous situations?

How might an individualistic culture most significantly shape responses to social pressure and conformity?

How does the concept of social facilitation uniquely apply to professional athletes performing in front of large crowds?

Which of the following scenarios best demonstrates the complex interplay between obedience and ethical responsibility?

How does self-serving bias influence our recall of past events?

What is a potential consequence of exhibiting the false consensus effect?

Which is an example of dispositional attribution?

What differentiates the self-serving bias from the fundamental attribution error?

How does awareness of self-serving bias influence decision making?

In what context is someone MOST likely to make a situational attribution?

What BEST describes the impact of the fundamental attribution error on interpreting events?

How does the 'false consensus effect' influence social interactions?

How does ethnocentrism most significantly affect intercultural relations?

Which of the following most accurately describes the 'outgroup homogeneity effect'?

What psychological process underlies the use of a scapegoat?

How does 'in-group bias' present ethical challenges in resource allocation?

In the context of attraction, how is 'reciprocity' best understood?

Which of the options undermines long-term relationship stability in Sternberg's theory?

How is the 'mere exposure effect' thought to influence attraction?

How does the concept of a 'social trap' specifically relate to environmental challenges?

What practical strategy addresses the challenges posed by social traps?

What is a key distinction between prejudice and discrimination?

What's the main challenge when addressing implicit prejudice?

In what scenario would deindividuation most likely lead to heightened aggression?

How does frustration influence aggression?

How does the structure of a group affect the likelihood of social loafing?

Why is physical attractiveness a factor in attraction?

What crucial element transforms the effects of social facilitation into social impairment?

According to the research, what's the relationship between passionate and companionate love over time?

How does group polarization impact opinions within a group?

When does negative emotion increase prejudice?

When is groupthink MOST likely to occur within a decision-making body?

How do individualistic cultures differ from collectivist cultures in valuing personal versus group goals?

How does the Milgram experiment redefine our understanding of obedience to authority?

What pivotal factor led to the premature halt of the Stanford Prison Experiment?

What is a key distinction between informational and normative social influence?

In what ways does the chameleon effect influence the dynamics of social interactions?

How does an individual's perception of their own competence affect their likelihood to conform?

How can awareness of the factors influencing conformity be best applied to promote independent decision-making?

How might collectivist values impact the expression or experience of prejudice, compared to individualistic values?

An individual who strongly believes in the just-world hypothesis is LEAST likely to exhibit which of the following reactions when encountering news of a natural disaster affecting a distant community?

How does the phenomenon of deindividuation affect moral decision-making when someone is part of a large anonymous crowd?

What is the most effective method for minimizing the risk of groupthink in organizational decision-making?

In a scenario where a highly charismatic speaker persuades an audience to support a policy through emotional appeals and celebrity endorsements, which route of persuasion is primarily being employed, and what is a potential limitation of this approach?

A marketing team initially proposes a large-scale, expensive advertising campaign, which is rejected by the company's board. They then propose a smaller, less costly campaign, which is approved. Which persuasion technique is exemplified here, and what psychological principle underpins its effectiveness?

Which biological factor, when reduced, has shown to lessen aggressive tendencies in men?

An individual observes a colleague consistently arriving late to team meetings and attributes this behavior to the colleague's inherent laziness, disregarding potential situational factors like traffic or family responsibilities. This scenario most clearly illustrates:

What type of goal promotes cooperation by overriding differences among people?

A person who initially expresses strong disapproval of a new social trend, but gradually starts adopting aspects of it after noticing many friends and peers embracing it, is primarily demonstrating:

Which situation exemplifies the 'approach-avoidance' conflict?

In the context of consumer behavior, the 'lowball technique' is most effective because it leverages which psychological principle to increase the likelihood of a customer following through with a purchase even after the terms become less favorable?

How does feeling guilty increase the likelihood of someone helping another person?

A student consistently attributes their academic successes to their innate intelligence and hard work, while blaming failures on unfair test questions or poor teaching. This pattern of explanation best illustrates:

Which scenario exemplifies the strongest reliance on the central route of persuasion in attitude formation?

What is the MOST significant psychological factor behind the bystander effect?

The frustration-aggression principle suggests that frustration:

How does awareness of the 'false consensus effect' primarily enhance critical thinking in social situations?

Which scenario illustrates 'hostile aggression'?

If a person experiences cognitive dissonance after acting in a way that contradicts their values, which of the following strategies is LEAST likely to effectively reduce their discomfort in the long term?

The 'halo effect' is most likely to lead to systematic errors in which of the following processes?

How might parental modeling MOST directly influence a child's aggressive behavior?

In a group setting, individuals are more likely to conform to a unanimous incorrect majority opinion under conditions of high ambiguity and:

What is the PRIMARY focus of 'social exchange theory'?

Which aspect of altruism differentiates it from other helping behaviors?

Which of the following best describes the relationship between attitudes and actions as presented in the provided text?

Which example illustrates the 'reciprocity norm'?

Considering the principles of persuasion, which approach is MOST likely to be effective when attempting to change the deeply ingrained political views of someone who is highly invested in the topic and possesses extensive knowledge?

How does the concept of 'conformity' as described in the text relate to the broader evolutionary success of human beings?

How do aversive stimuli generally influence aggressive behavior?

According to research, how does alcohol consumption interact with frustration to influence aggression?

Which situation increases the likelihood of someone helping, according to research?

What distinguishes instrumental aggression from hostile aggression?

Social Psychology

Attribution Theory

Internal Attribution

External Attribution

Fundamental Attribution Error

Self-Serving Bias

False Consensus Effect

Self-Enhancing Bias

Just-World Hypothesis

Halo Effect

Actions Affect Attitudes

Central Route Persuasion

Peripheral Route Persuasion

Cognitive Dissonance

Foot-in-the-Door Phenomenon

Door-in-the-Face Phenomenon

Lowball Technique

Conformity

Attitudes Affect Actions

Victim Blaming

Behavior is Contagious

Socialization of Fairness

Chameleon Effect

Solomon Asch Experiment

Normative Social Influence

Informational Social Influence

Obedience

Zimbardo's Stanford Prison Experiment

Deindividuation

Social Loafing

Social Facilitation

Group Polarization

Groupthink

Individualism

Collectivism

Prejudice

Stereotypes

Ethnocentrism

Implicit Prejudice

Explicit Prejudice

Discrimination

In-Group

Out-Group

In-Group Bias

Outgroup Bias

Negative Emotions

Scapegoat Theory

Mere Exposure Effect

Sternberg’s Three Components of Love

Aggression

Hostile Aggression

Instrumental Aggression

Frustration-Aggression Principle

Genetic Influences on Aggression

Neural Influences on Aggression

Impact of Testosterone

Aversive Events

Bystander Effect

Diffusion of Responsibility

Social Exchange Theory

Reciprocity Norm

Social Responsibility Norm

Superordinate Goals

Conflict Types

Altruism

Overestimation of Positive Traits

Group Bias

Conformity Factors

Approach-Approach Conflict

Avoidance-Avoidance Conflict

Social Trap

Sternberg’s Components of Love

Testosterone's Impact

Approach-Avoidance Conflict

Social Inhibition

Mob Mentality

Genetic Influences

Neural Influences

Testosterone's Role